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台中市搶奪犯罪熱點與犯罪區位之空間分析

The Spatial Analysis of the Robbery Hot Spot and Crime Location in Taichung City

摘要


台灣地區經濟快速成長、社會變遷,犯罪現象大多集中於大都市。以往傳統犯罪區域空間的研究,均以統計數據、統計圖方式呈現,無法顯示犯罪地點與空間之相關性,且在分析何種社經環境因子與犯罪現象有顯著相關性時,迴歸分析是最常使用的方法,然而,傳統的線性迴歸模式均未考慮空間異質性和空間自相關現象,以致於犯罪理論的解釋能力會受空間變異的影響而減低。本研究採用平均最近鄰分析,找出搶奪犯罪地點是否呈現聚集現象,再利用核密度推估法與空間自相關分析,分析比較不同時段搶奪犯罪案件分佈變化情形,並且繪製犯罪地圖。在犯罪區位分析方面,利用犯罪理論選取社經人文環境變項,建立多元線性迴歸模型,探討搶奪犯罪熱點之區位特性,並尋求最合適之空間模式,驗證搶奪犯罪率與區域空間特性之間確實有空間變異之現象存在。在空間分析研究結果發現,台中市搶奪犯罪在空間上有聚集之現象,搶奪犯罪熱點有往西移動之現象,且與台中市都市計畫往西發展有密切關係。在犯罪區位分析方面,找出搶奪犯罪之社經人文環境變項,且顯示多元迴歸模型所產生的空間自相關現象已消除,證實空間落遲模型爲最佳之空間模型,且縮小最小空間單元,其分析結果將更加精確。

並列摘要


With the rapid growth in the economy and social transition in Taiwan, the phenomenon of crime is concentrated on metropolitan areas. The traditional research of the crime space is shown by the statistic data and statistic charts, it can not reveal the relationship between the crime location and space. The regression analysis is the most common method when analysis what kind of crime theories or social economic factors reveal obviously correlation with crime phenomenon. However, the traditional liner regression model does not consider the spatial heterogeneity and the phenomenon of spatial autocorrelation, it causes the explain ability of crime theory decreased because of the effects of spatial changes.This research applies the average nearest neighbor analysis to find whether the robbery positions are aggregated and analysis the crime hotspot. And then using the kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis to compare the distribution of the robbery in different periods and draw the crime map. With the analysis of crime location, use the criminology theory to select the variables of the social economic humanity environment and build the multiple regression models to discuss the location character of robbery hot spot and find out the fittest models and prove the spatial variation phenomenon is exist between the robbery rates and spatial character.In the research of the spatial analysis, it proves that the phenomenon of robbery is congregate in Taichung city and the robbery hot spot is toward to west. With the analysis of crime location, finds out the variables of the social economic humanity environment and reveals that the spatial autocorrelation phenomenon which produces by the multiple regressions is eliminated, and confirmed that the spatial lag model is the best spatial model. After the reduction of smallest space unit, the analysis result is more precise.

參考文獻


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吳芳富(2003)。搶奪犯罪成因與犯罪模式之實證研究─以高雄地區為例。中央警察大學犯罪防治學報。4,241-260。

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