由馮少墟學說論晚明關學的轉折

關學傳衍至少墟，處處可見調和朱、王的軌跡與關、洛學交會的激盪。其思維所反映的關學轉折表現在三方面：朱、王的調和與本體功夫關係的衡定、關學禮制的深化與價值的回歸、洛學功夫的吸納與內容的轉化。簡賅之，少墟將朱、王調和的關鍵，歸諸於本體與功夫的融會，因此他將功夫納入本體，構成以本體活動義為理論基準的的學術體系，試圖兼取二家之長，以互相救正，並重整空疏玄蕩的理學亂象。鎔鑄在關學傳續中，一方面將相沿的禮教傳統，由禮節形式的探討，轉向價值意義的溯源；一方面在關、洛學交會的前導下，吸納洛學道南一脈的未發功夫，作為立體的根柢。然而，隨著本體詮釋重心的轉移，闡發面向亦有所轉化，表現在偏顯寂感一如的生生理體、側重發與未發通貫義的闡釋、將誠意視為由未發通貫發用的關鍵三方面，皆可見有別於洛學的推進痕跡。

關鍵字

馮從吾；馮少墟；關學；本體；未發功夫；朱王調和

並列摘要

When Guan theoryl was passed to Shao-xu one can see the trace of mind learning and interchange of Guan and Luo schools. The reflected transformation of thinking of Guan school are expressed in three aspect: stimulation of mind learning and evaluation of principal body gong fu, deepening of Guan theory and returning of values, absorption of Luo school gong fu and transformation of contents. In brief, Shao-xu believed the defects of Wang school is the natural opposition of principal body and gong fu. Therefore, he included gong fu into principal body to establish the academic system based on theory standard of principal body activities meanings in attempt to readjust the chaos of corruption of mind learning through blending of the relation of the two. In passing Guan theory, Rong-zhu turned to value meanings and origin from discussion of courtesy forms of the tradition of etiquette on the one hand and, under guidance of interchange of Guan and Luo theory, absorbed the undeveloped gong fu of Daonan Division of Luo school as the foundation of establishment. However, with switch of principal body interpretation emphasis, elucidation is also changed to be expressed in the physical body in loneliness with emphasis on developed and undeveloped interpretation of meanings. The three aspects of sincerity as the key of undeveloped penetration are different from the promotion of Luo theory.