戰略研究的批判與反思：典範的困境

Critics and Reflections of Strategic Studies: Stalemate of the Paradigm

陳偉華(Wei-Hwa Chen)

《東吳政治學報》 27卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 1-54

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.200912.0001

摘要

戰略研究起源甚早，意義與範疇隨時代演進呈現多元。冷戰期間，以國家中心論為主軸的戰略研究，將國家追求生存的角色具體實踐於國際社會中。兩極解體，批判者質疑戰略研究知識建構所採行的方法論欠缺科學性與可證性，挑戰其理性決策與預測能力的真實性。本文綜整戰略研究批判者的主要論點，發現戰略研究受時空環境變遷影響甚大，不僅需面對典範失落的危險，亦需反思其學科困境，從而澄清其價值功能所在，分際出與軍事研究及安全研究差異，重新建立該學科應有的獨特性。最後，本文指出，批判者的觀點雖尖銳但值得省思，戰略研究必須揚棄過時的舊典範，建立新的研究領域，況且無論國際環境如何多變，戰略研究仍是當前國家求取生存與安全不可或缺的手段與工具之一。

關鍵字

戰略研究 ； 典範 ； 嚇阻 ； 理性決策 ； 安全研究 ； 軍事研究

並列摘要

Historically, the origin of Strategic Studies began very early and its definitions and scopes have evolved in accordance with the change of time. During the Cold War period, the state-centric approach was seen as a main tool for Strategic Studies, through which states are seeking their survival in the international society. When the bipolar system collapsed, critics argued that the methodology of knowledge-building for Strategic Studies were apparently short of scientific proof and testability. Critics also challenged the feasibility of rational decision-making and predictability of Strategic Studies. This essay has collected some of the main critics and has found that the course of Strategic Studies has evidently been affected by the strategic environment, which has rendered not only the danger of paradigm lost but also its stalemate. In so doing, Strategic Studies may highlight its value and function so as to differentiate itself with Military Studies and Security Studies and establish a specialty of its discipline. In conclusion, Strategic Studies has to abolish its outdated paradigm, as this essay indicates, and build up new research fields. In addition, whatever changes are made to the international environments, Strategic Studies will still be considered as an indispensable means and instrument for national security and survival.

並列關鍵字

strategic studies ； paradigm ； deterrence ； rational choice ； security studies ； military studies

參考文獻

Baylis, John (eds.),John C. Garnett. (eds.)(1991).The Makers of Nuclear Strategy.London:Pinter.

Baylis, John(2002).Strategy in the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Strategic Studies.Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Beaufre, Andre.(1965).An Introduction to Strategy.London:Faber and Faber.

Berejikian, Jeffrey D.(2002).A Cognitive Theory of Deterrence.Journal of Peace Research.39(2),165-166.

Beyerchen, Alan D.(1992).Clausewitz, Nonlinearity, and the Unpredictability of War.International Security.17(3),59-90.