奧地利的中立地位及其對外交政策的影響－一個小國外交的實例

Austria's Neutrality and It's Impact to Foreign Policy-An Example of Small State Foreign Policy

湯紹成(Shao-Cheng Tang)

《東吳政治學報》 28卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 89-137

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.201003.0089

摘要

基於奧地利的中立及其地緣地位，本文以新現實主義(neo-realism)與地緣政治(geopolitics)的角度切入，再加上二重賽局(two level game)的架構，來分析奧國外交政策，並試圖探討中立政策與外交政策之間的關係，以便瞭解小國在外交上的困境及其發展。
本文發現，奧地利的中立政策對於其外交政策確實有極大的影響，而且兩者間的互動關係也有很大的變化。首先，在1955年，奧國是以中立換取獨立，繼之，在冷戰時期為強化國家安全，兩者相輔相成，互為因果，最後，自後冷戰時期以來，中立政策日益成為奧國外交政策的障礙。目前，若奧國加入北約，其中立政策必將全面崩解，雖然短期內還不可能，但以長期觀之，奧國加入北約的可能性在增加。

關鍵字

奧地利 ； 中立地位 ； 外交政策 ； 中立政策 ； 聯合國 ； 歐盟 ； 北約

並列摘要

Considering Austria's neutrality and its geopolitical status, this article examines Austrian foreign policy and tries to explore the interactions between its neutrality and its foreign policy through a neo-realist, geopolitical approach and a two-level game framework. The author observes that the impact of neutrality on Austrian foreign policy is tremendous. Also the change of the interactions between the two policies is immense. These can help illustrate the foreign policy of a small state.
In 1955 Austrian independence came into being by means of the establishment of its neutrality. During the Cold War era Austrian neutrality and its foreign policy compensated each other well for the sake of boosting national security. Since the post-Cold War era neutrality has gradually become an obstacle of Austrian foreign policy. It would mean a total abandonment of its neutrality if Austria joined NATO. It is rather unlikely to happen in the near future but judging from a longer perspective the possibility of Austria joining NATO is increasing.

並列關鍵字

Austria neutrality ； foreign policy ； neutral policy ； United Nations ； European Union ； NATO

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