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多黨總理總統制民主的政府類型與憲政運作的衝突-以斯洛維尼亞、斯洛伐克、克羅埃西亞、立陶宛為例

Government Type and Constitutional Conflict in Multiparty Premier-presidential Democracies: Comparing Croatia, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Slovenia

摘要


本文的問題意識為多黨總理總統制的政府組成主要是由總統主導或是由國會主導以及多黨總理總統制中,不同的政府類型如何產生權力機關之間不同程度的衝突。本文以斯洛維尼亞、斯洛伐克、克羅埃西亞、立陶宛等四個多黨總理總統制民主國家不同的政府類型與憲政衝突為例。首先,本文研究發現以總統主導或國會主導兩種牽引力的拉扯來看的話,在多黨總理總統制的政府組成經驗中,總統主導的比例遠高於國會主導的比例。這個結果顯示在多黨總理總統制的運作中,大多數的情況下,還是由總統來主導政府組成,總理負責的主要對象是總統,而不是國會。其次,政黨國會席次的分配、總理政黨屬性和總理負責對象的不同,會影響多黨總理總統制中不同政府類型之憲政運作的衝突程度。以發生憲政衝突的程度高低來進行排序,少數政府最容易出現憲政衝突、國會式政府次之、聯盟多數政府接續、共治政府衝突程度較低。最後,本文並非全面主張多黨總理總統制很難運作,而是分析在什麼條件和情況下,多黨總理總統制可能會面臨運作上的困難。

並列摘要


This paper aims to explore whether cabinet formations in multiparty premier-presidential democracies are more induced by the president or by the assembly and how different government types produce various degrees of constitutional conflicts. The findings are below.First, in the perspective of balance of power, the president prevails over the assembly on the formation of cabinets in multiparty premier-presidential democracies. More cabinets are formed by the president than by the assembly. Second, the constellation of parties in the assembly, the partisan affiliation of the premier, and authority patterns can affect different degrees of constitutional conflicts in multiparty premier-presidential democracies. This paper illuminates a causal mechanism by comparing four multiparty premier-presidential democracies: Croatia, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


葉宗鑫(2014)。半總統制的演化與政治穩定: 以克羅埃西亞為例〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201613574483
歐書函(2015)。權力運作和施政表現:以法國總統歐蘭德為例〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201614020545

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