世界貿易組織中金融服務談判的合作模式：以單邊、雙邊及區域行動困境觀點分析

Collaboration Modes of Financial Services Negotiation in the World Trade Organization-Single, Bilateral and Regional Action Dilemma Perspectives

王順文(Shun-Wen Wang) ； 陳思先(Ssu-Hsien Chen)

《東吳政治學報》 33卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 55-107

摘要

世界貿易組織（WTO）服貿協議的金融服務項目談判過程中，產生了許多集體行動困境的問題（collective action dilemmas）。本研究試圖以「單邊、雙邊及區域行動困境」觀點，探討國際合作中集體行動的樣態，並將WTO會員國的合作模式，分別以「霸權介入程度」與「決策模式」兩面向尺度進行分析，探討依霸權主導程度的高低別和多邊或單邊／雙邊的決策模式別，所構成差異的四種合作樣態：（1）霸權主導之多邊協議；（2）尊重多數決定之多邊協議；（3）雙邊協定；以及（4）單邊主張或非正式協定。本研究另以實際案例，探討WTO金融服務談判的過程，分析國際集體行動，在上述四種合作模式中的樣態，並依各個模式的特質，研擬最適化因應策略，希冀以此提供合作行動參與國之參考，以適當的策略達成多贏或雙贏的局面。

關鍵字

集體行動 ； 金融服務談判 ； 世界貿易組織 ； 協定模式 ； 區域行動

並列摘要

Collective action dilemmas emerge from the process of financial services negotiation in the World Trade Organization. This study attempts to analyze the dynamics of collective actions among the bilateral as well as regional collaboration in the World Trade Organization. The authors extend a typology to describe the WTO collaboration through the dimensions of ＂dominant actors' involvement＂ and ＂decision-making approach＂. The four modes of the WTO collaboration could be 1) multilateral collaboration led by dominant actors, 2) multilateral collaborative partnerships, 3) bilateral formal agreements and 4) claims by single side or bilateral informal agreements. Empirical cases of the WTO collaboration areis employed to describe and analyze the above four modes of collaboration. This study further explores the appropriate strategies in response to the action dynamics of the four modes. Adopting the strategies, the participating members would be able to create a win-win situation among the international collaboration actors.

並列關鍵字

collective actions ； financial services negotiation ； World Trade Organization ； collaboration modes ； regional collective actions

參考文獻

Andrew, Simon(2009).Regional Integration through Contracting Networks.Urban Affairs Review.44(3),378-402.

Cerny, Philip(ed.)(1993).Finance and World Politics: Markets, Regimes and States in the Post-hegemonic Era.Brookfield:Edward Elgar.

Chen, Ssu-Hsien(2013).U.S. Interlocal Energy Collaboration on Energy Efficiency, Sustainability and Climate Protection.EURAMERICA.43(3),455-536.

Cornford, Andrew(2004).The WTO Negotiations on Financial Services: Current Issues and Future Directions.Geneva:UNCTAD.

Das, Dilip(1998).Trade in Financial Services and the Role of the GATS: Against the Backdrop of the Asian Financial Crises.Journal of World Trade.32(6),79-114.