我國選舉訴訟之判決分析與制度檢討

An Analysis of Judgments of Election Lawsuits and an Institutional Review of Elections in Taiwan

陳朝政(Chao-Cheng Chen)

《東吳政治學報》 33卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. 73-131

摘要

本文首先分析2000-2012年選舉訴訟判決，確認我國選舉訴訟主要是當選無效之訴，且「賄選、選舉誹謗、當選票數不實、幽靈人口」是原告提起當選無效之訴的主要事由。然後，針對這些選舉訴訟爭執焦點，檢討我國選舉法律及訴訟審理相關問題，包括：（1)候選人在選舉期間對選舉人的贈與及招待，是否構成賄選的懷疑空間；（2）選舉誹謗確為選舉訴訟主要的、常見的爭議，選罷法雖有「意圖使人不當選罪」，但處罰過輕難以產生遏止效果；（3）當選票數不實，是否應計入潛在性選票？（4）潛在性選票若產生，是否可同時提起選舉無效之訴及當選無效之訴？針對上述問題，筆者提出下列建議：（1）參考日本公職選舉法及韓國公職人員選舉法，在保留目前選罷法賄選罪規定之外，另增訂條文，禁止候選人在選舉期間對選舉人之贈與及招待；（2）針對公眾人物、政治人物的故意不實指控，已非言論自由保障之範疇，又有害於選舉公平及選舉風氣，故建議增設「意圖使人不當選罪」之最低處罰刑度，以三個月或六個月為宜；（3）應將潛在性選票列為選舉無效之訴而非當選無效之訴的提起事由；（4）應將選舉無效之訴視為先位訴訟，當選無效之訴視為備位訴訟，以處理選舉無效之訴和當選無效之訴的競合問題。

關鍵字

選舉訴訟 ； 當選無效之訴 ； 選罷法 ； 賄選 ； 意圖使人不當選

並列摘要

The article initially analyzes judgments of election lawsuits from 2000 until 2012 in order to affirm that most election lawsuits filed are based on vote-buying, defamations during the election, fraudulent numbers of votes, and phantom voters as reasons. Focusing on those reasons, the author intends to review problems in Taiwan's election acts (the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, the Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and the Recall Act) and trials of election lawsuits in the following. First, does the gift giving and entertaining by candidates form any suspicion of bribery to electors during a campaign? Second, is the dispute over election defamations too common in election lawsuits as the punishment is too light to deter such a behavior. Third, should we count potential votes in cases of a fraudulent number of votes? Fourth, if there are potential votes, can be the lawsuits of election invalidity and elected candidate invalidity both be filed simultaneously? Aiming to answer the above questions, the author provides the following suggestions. First, to referring to electoral laws in Japan and Korea, an article that forbids gift giving and entertaining by candidates for electors during a campaign can be added to Taiwan's election act. Second, intentionally fraudulent accusations aimed at celebrities and politicians are not covered under freedom of speech. Furthermore, the accusation harms the justice and values in elections. Thus, the author recommends adding a minimum punishment for election defamations of three months to six months in prison. The potential votes should be filed as the reason for the lawsuit of election invalidity instead of elected candidate invalidity. Fourth, in order to resolve the overlap in lawsuits, the election invalidity lawsuits should be filed prior to elected candidate invalidity lawsuits.

並列關鍵字

election lawsuit ； elected candidate invalidity lawsuit ； vote-buying ； making other candidates lose the election on purpose

參考文獻

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