美國女性主義法學者對工作場所性騷擾爭議之批判

Critique of Controversies over Sexual Harassment in the Workplace by Legal Feminists in the United States

焦興鎧(Cing-Kae Chiao)

《歐美研究》 33卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 57-123

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200303.0057

摘要

本文之目的，是要對美國女性主義法學者對工作場所性騷擾爭議所做之相關批判及質疑，做一整體之觀察，以期瞭解她們對此一新興法域奠基之貢獻及進一步發展之期許。全文共分五大部分：第一部分說明女性主義法學之興起原因、重要流派及對性別議題之重要見解。第二部分剖析工作場所性騷擾爭議所引發之特別性別議題，並對美國最高法院所做五則相關判決做一簡要之說明。第三部分以美國聯邦最高法院在Meritor及Harris兩案之判決，說明女性主義法學者在早期所發揮之作用。第四部分則是敘述女性主義法學者在九○年代後期對此一議題之論戰，尤其是在聯邦最高法院於一九九八年庭期連續做出三項相關判決前後之質疑及批判。最後，本文將對該國女性主義法學者這些見解做一綜合評析，以為我國未來建構相同制度時奠定更堅實之法理基礎。

關鍵字

女性主義法學 ； 女性主義法學者 ； 性別歧視 ； 工作場所性騷擾 ； 一九六四年民權法第七章

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to observe the critique and comments made by legal feminists in the United States about the controversies over sexual harassment in the workplace. In addition, their contributions to and expectations on this issue are also examined. The contents of the paper are divided into five sections. Section One will describe three different stages of the various schools of feminist legal theory and their attitudes towards issues related to sex discrimination. Section Two will provide an analysis of controversies caused by sexual harassment in the workplace, mainly focusing on the five decisions rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court in recent years. Section Three utilizes the examples of two important cases Meritor and Harris in order to examine contributions made by legal feminists during the earlier stage, especially the efforts of Professor Catharine A. MacKinnon. Section Four emphasizes the arguments posited by a number of legal feminists concerning three related 1998 Supreme Court decisions on sexual harassment at work. Section Five comments on the opinions written by these legal feminists in order to discuss several unsolved problems concerning this issue. Finally, the discussions derived from these problems are examined to ascertain whether they can provide insights for the local legal community, and for the purpose of contributing to the further development of Taiwanese legal feminists.

並列關鍵字

feminist jurisprudence (or Feminist Legal Theory) ； legal feminists ； sex discrimination ； sexual harassment in the workplace ； Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

參考文獻

刁筱華譯、Rosemarie Tong著(1996)。女性主義思潮。臺北市:時報文化。

中央研究院歐美研究所編印(2001)。法律／政治／社福學者名錄。臺北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。

王玉葉、焦興鎧編(1998)。美國最高法院重要判決之研究：一九九三~一九九五。臺北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。

司法院統計處編印(2001)。中華民國八十九年司法統計提要。臺北市:司法院統計處。

官曉薇譯、高培桓譯、Judith Baer著(2000)。法律之前的女性－建構女性主義法理學。臺北市:商周出版。