剖析歐洲聯盟正在成型的治理體系

An Anatomy of the EU Governance

黃偉峰(David W. F. Huang)

《歐美研究》 33卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 291-344

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200306.0291

摘要

本文旨在剖析歐盟正在成型的治理體系。過去學界將歐盟視為「沒有政府的治理體系」、「多層級網絡治理體系」，及「開放方法的協調機制」之治理模式。但上述三種說法皆無法解釋歐盟治理體系動態又複雜的全貌。於是本文建構一個三維空間定位架構，並將所有重要的歐盟政策置於其中。本文發現歐盟諸多政策並非隨機離散分布，而是叢聚在這個三維定位架構的左前方及右後方。叢聚左前方者如財稅政策和外交政策是由會員國主導，政策適用彈性較大，且傾向緊密的政策社群治理。叢聚右後方者如環境政策和共同區域政策乃由歐盟主導，或由歐盟與會員國分享，政策適用彈性較小，且傾向議題網絡的治理。最後，本文沿用不同理論來解釋歐盟政策分布的叢聚現象。

關鍵字

歐盟治理體系 ； 多層級網絡治理 ； 開放方法的協調機制 ； 組合主義 ； 政策社群

並列摘要

European integration has not only shifted some of the member states' policy competence to the supranational level, but it has also challenged the existing governance system of each member state. Moreover, since the events of European integration are still unfolding, it is better to regard the European Union (EU) as a ＂evolving＂ governance system. During this on-going integration process, the EU governance system has often been characterized as ＂a governance without government,＂ ＂a multi-level network governance,＂ or ＂a new governance derived from open methods of coordination.＂ Unfortunately, the above three characterizations fail to reveal the complex and dynamic features of the EU governance system as a whole. For this reason, this paper introduces a three-dimensional analytical space, that locates most of the important EU policies. We find that EU policies are not randomly distributed, but rather clustered either at the left-front corner or the right-rear corner. The left-front cluster, exemplified by tax policy and foreign policy, indicates that policy competence is dominated by member states competence with maximal flexibility of implementation and input from the policy community. The right-rear cluster, exemplified by environmental policy and regional policy, represents EU policy competence, minimal flexibility, and issue network. Finally, various theories are used to explain this cluster phenomenon in the EU governance system.

並列關鍵字

EU governance system ； multi-level network governance ； open methods of coordination ； corporatism ； policy community

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