The Labour Market Situation of Minority Ethnic Groups in Britain and the US

英美兩國的少數族群就業形勢比較研究

李姚軍(Yaojun Li)

《歐美研究》 40卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 259-309

摘要

Both Britain and the US are committed to social and ethnic equality. But how much ethnic disadvantage is there in the two countries? Do minority ethnics fare better in one country than in the other? Is there progress over time? This paper examines the employment status and the class position of minority ethnics in the two countries using micro-data from the two recent censuses of the population. The analysis shows that most minority ethnics in both countries were heavily disadvantaged in employment and in access to professional-managerial (salariat) positions. Among comparable groups, people in the US fared better than in Britain, but those in Britain, especially those of the second-generation, were making more progress over time. There was also greater ethnic polarisation 99in the US than in Britain. Overall, while some signs of improvement are visible, persistent disadvantages are the defining feature of the social structure in both countries. Much more needs to be done to ensure socio-ethnic equality.

關鍵字

ethnicity ； employment ； class ； Britain ； US

並列摘要

英美兩國都致力於促進社會和族群平等。但兩國少數族群之不利地位情形究竟如何？少數族群在其中一國之情境是否優於另一國家？其就業情況是否有所改善？本文利用英美兩國最近兩次人口普查的微觀資料，分析兩國少數族群的就業和職業情況。研究結果表明，絕大多數少數族群在就業市場上處於十分不利的地位，也很難進入專業技術和管理階層（亦即中產階級）；就兩國的相同少數族群而言，在美國的狀況要優於英國，但後者（尤其是第二代移民）的進步則更為明顯；美國的族群分化遠比英國更為嚴重。總體來說，儘管族群差別呈現緩和跡象，但少數族群之劣勢地位始終是英美兩國社會結構的顯著特徵。實現族群平等，尚需很大努力。

並列關鍵字

族群 ； 就業 ； 階級 ； 英國 ； 美國

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