An Unnatural Alliance? Political Radicalism and the Animal Defence Movement in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain

十九世紀英國動物保護運動與政治激進傳統間之關聯至今尚乏深入研究；本文藉由檢視維多利亞與愛德華時期之動物保護運動與世俗主義運動以及社會主義運動間之關係發展，對之進行初步探索。本文指出，世俗主義運動以及社會主義運動對於深具道德改革傳統色彩之動保運動儘管存在正面支持，基於意識形態上之差異，早期亦多存有疑慮。然而至十九世紀末，部分動保人士開始積極挪用此二激進運動中之激進思想以及語彙，有意識地挑戰主流動保運動之價值，推動了動保運動在意識型態、論述語彙以及改革目標等層面之激進化現象。此一來自世俗主義以及社會主義之影響，亦讓動保運動在道德改革傳統整體於十九世紀末漸趨衰微時，得以順利轉型為一俱備現代屬性之運動，於二十世紀持續發展。

關鍵字

反殘酷運動；反動物實驗運動；動物權；世俗主義運動；社會主義運動

並列摘要

This article explores the still understudied relationship between nineteenth-century political radicalism and the animal defence movement by examining, respectively, the relations between the movement and the secularist and socialists strands of political radicalism in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It points out that although positive secularist and socialist support existed for the animal cause, the relationship between them and the animal defence movement was far from smooth and cordial due to ideological differences. Nonetheless, from the late nineteenth century onward, with the efforts of freethinkers and socialists in the animal defence movement to draw on radical political ideas in reaction against the ideologies of the mainstream animal defence movement, sections of the movement underwent radical change in terms of character, ideology and objectives. The article regards the change as a move away from the moral reform tradition and towards political radicalism, and argues that this transformation helped sustain the movement into the twentieth century as it struggled to keep apace with the progressive currents of the new age.

並列關鍵字

anti-cruelty movement ； anti-vivisection movement ； animal rights ； secularist movement ； socialist movement

參考文獻

Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. (1909-1937). Annual reports of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. London: Author.

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Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. (1911, May). The Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society, GC/52 (Minutes of the Executive Council). London: Wellcome Medical Library.

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Anonymous. (1832). Report of the proceedings at the annual meeting of the APRHAC. London: Association for Promoting Rational Humanity towards the Animal Creation.