Refractive Status of Medical Students in National Taiwan University

台灣大學醫學生的屈調狀態調查

施永豐(Yung-Feng Shih) ； 王藹侯(Ai-Hou Wang) ； 柯良時(Liang-Shi Ko)

《中華民國眼科醫學會會刊》 28卷1期 (1989/05) Pp. 53-58

https://doi.org/10.30048/ACTASOS.198905.0011

摘要

我們調查國立台灣大學醫學院學生192位（384眼）研究其眼屈調狀態。結果發現近視罹患率高達91.15%，而平均眼屈光度是-4.37±2.91D，整個分布曲線往近視側偏移，其巔峯已達-4.0D。而且近視超過-3.0D有68.41%，而27.08%更超過了-6.0D。平均的眼軸長是24.6±l.4mm，只有4.95%趨向正視範圍的眼軸長（少於230mm）。半月狀綠(Crescents)及豹紋斑(Tesselation)與眼軸長有極高的相關性。而角膜弧度及視神經盤凹則與眼軸長相關性不大。
後天性近視發生的原因有“屈折說”及“視軸說”，自1940年來一直受重視與爭議。屈折說認為近距離工作過多，引起睫狀肌過度緊張形成一種癖習，由於無法恢復致開始為假性近視，持續則引起器質化而成為近視，此種近視一般說來不應超過-3.0D（調節力）。眼軸說則認為近距離工作過多造成睫狀肌過度緊張而產生某種因子造成眼軸不斷延長的想法。由我們的調果似乎可以證實，近距離長時間的閱讀似乎與近視的進行有關，而且近視的進行在發育群之後仍有持續進行的現象。似乎在生理性近視（少於-3.0D）與病理性近視（大於-6.0D）之間並無明顯的界限存在。

並列摘要

The authors studied 192 patients (384 eyes) of medical students of National Taiwan University on their ocular components.
The Prevalence rate of myopia was 91.15%, and the average of refractive power was -4.37±2.91D, the distribution curve of ocular refraction shifted to myopic side with the peak around -4.0D. Myopia with the power more than -3.0D was found in 68.41% of them, 27.08% more than -6.0D. The average of axial length was 24.6±1.4mm, only 4.95% of them were emmetropic (less than 23.0mm). There were high correlation between the axial length and crescents, tesselation; but less correlation with cup/disc (C/D) ratio, and corneal refractive power.
Although myopia had been widely studied for over 100 years, there is still no agreement of the relative effect of genetic or environmental factors on its etiology. From the results, we thought schoolwork and time spent in reading, were strongly related to myopia and its progression even after 14 years old, It should be noted that no more clear cut distinction between physiologic myopia and pathologic myopia could be found.

並列關鍵字

ocular components ； crescents ； tessellation ； physiologic myopia ； pathologic myopia