國小學童眼球生長狀況之初報：基隆安樂社區眼位及視力調查

Preliminary Report of Ocular Dimension Progression

宋湖仙(Hu-Shien Song) ； 史麗珠(Lai-Chu See) ； 李建興(Jiahn-Shing Lee) ； 董曉青(Sheau-Cheang Don)

《中華民國眼科醫學會雜誌》 39卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 516-523

https://doi.org/10.30048/ACTASOS.200012.0011

摘要

目的：本文為對55位學童四年之眼球測量作分析，嘗試探討近視眼球的成長變化。
方法：由1993-1995年基隆安樂社區國小學生眼位及視力調查中，再邀請部份一年級學童，從二年級開始，做三次的年度詳盡眼睛檢查，包括散瞳後之屈光度數，角膜弧度(KM)及A-scan之眼軸長度測定。並用模擬眼球(schematic eye model)的公式計算眼球赤道及前後極的成長。
結果：學童由正視變近視的那一年，眼球成長才開始不正常，且往赤道及前後極成長，近視後則主要是往前後極成長。維持正視的眼睛，平均屈光度數為＋0.72±0.35D；由正視變近視的眼睛，平均屈光度數為＋0.18±0.20D。
結論：1)學童遠視少於50度（即＋0.5D），可能說要當成近視來治療；2)因為學童近視前，眼球成長並不明顯，若能發展預防近視的方法，使將得近視之眼睛保持遠視50度以上，或許能延緩近視的產生；3)一旦近視，眼球就失去正常緩慢的成長方式，欲控制度數的增加，難有成效。

並列摘要

Purpose: We investigated the difference between normal and myopic ocular growth by a longitudinal survey of ocular biometry in 55 primary school children from grade Ⅰ to Ⅳ.
Method: From a representative sample of elementary school children, we invited all grade Ⅰ children to participate our longitudinal study from grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ. They all had complete annual exams of cycloplegic refraction, keratometry, and A-scan ocular biometry. Schematic eye model was used to estimate equatorial and axial growth.
Results: significant excessive ocular growth started from the year of emmetropia to myopia. To maintain emmetropia, the average cycloplegic refraction was +0.72±0.35D; however, from emmetropia to myopia, the average cycloplegic refraction was +0.18±0.20D. Conclusions: 1) If cycloplegic refraction was between 0 to +0.5D, children is highly possible to become myopic. 2) Since ocular growth was slow before myopia, any methods that make these susceptible eyes (eyes of 0 to +0.5D) more hyperopic may protect these children from getting myopia. 3) Control of myopic progression become difficult after getting myopia, because the slow ocular growth no longer existed.

並列關鍵字

early-onset myopia ； schematic eye model