科氏錯覺下對人類動態視力與立體感之影響

目的：探討動態環境所誘發的科氏錯覺下，人類視力與立體感的變化情形。方法：本實驗安排二十位雙眼裸視20/20的志願者，年紀介於21至34歲之間，利用國軍航空生理訓練中心的空間迷向機，製造出轉速條件為25RPM及1.6G動態環境下，以誘發科式錯覺。所有受測者均接受兩種不同實驗：實驗一為測試單眼視力，蒙住左眼後以Rosenbaum pocket vision screener視力卡測出錯覺前後的右眼視力；實驗二為測試雙眼立體感，以Stereotest-Circles圖形卡測出錯覺前後的立體感。別外實驗一進行的同時，我們也藉由迷向機外的監視器螢幕同步觀察其眼球轉動情形。結果：在實驗一的20位志願者其靜態視力均為20/20，而在動態環境下有一半的受測者維持不變，另外一半的動態視力也僅下降一、兩行而已（即20/25或20/30）。在實驗二的20位志願者其靜態立體感均為40秒弧，而在動態環境下，絕大多數的立體感僅達800秒弧而已（甚至更差），表示其動態立體感大幅衰退。另外透過同步的監視器螢幕追蹤也發現到在實驗一，一旦發生科氏錯覺後當受測者開始閱讀時，其眼球都出現明顯水平方向左右規律擺動的現象。結論：由以上的結果顯示人類在科式錯覺的動態環境下，絕大多數立體感已大幅衰退，但動態視力並無明顯改變，極可能是代償性前庭眼反射作用的結果。因此可推測在科式錯覺發生時飛行員這動態視力雖屬正常，但用以解析物體的立體能力已減退，此時除了必須克服空間迷向誘發的心理障礙外，操作儀器與相對空間的判斷必須格外小心，以避免重大飛安事故發生。

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無資料

並列摘要

Purpose: To determine the dynamic visual acuity and stereopsis during Corionlis illusion. Method: Twenty pilots (16 males and 4 females with mean age of 25.6 years) were enrolled in the study. The Spatial Disorientation Simulator (Kan-Shan Military Hospital, Air-Force, ROC) was employed and head movements made in a fast rotating environment (25 RPM) elicited Coriolis illusion. In Experiment 1 (n=20), the static and dynamic visual acuity of all the right eyes were measured by the rosenbaum pocket vision screener. In Experiment 2 (n=20), the static and dynamic stereopsis of both eyes were examined by Stereotest-Circles. At the same time, the eyeball movements were observed by a TV monitor. Result: In Experiment 1, the static visual acuity of all subjects were 20/20. The dynamic visual acuity of 10 subjects remained 20/20 (50%), while that of the other 10 subjects dropped only by less than 2 lines on the vision screener. The results revealed that vestibule-ocular reflex plays an important role in stabilizing dynamic visual acuity. In Experiment 2, the static stereopsis of all subjects were 40 seconds of arc. The dynamic stereopiss of most subjects dropped to 800 seconds of arc or less. An increase in regular horizontal eyeball oscillation during Coriolis illusion was observed. Poor stereopiss may be attributed to rapid eyeball movement. Conclusion: During Coriolis illusion, human dynamic visual acuity remained stable but poor dynamic stereopsis was found. Pilots should be instructed to adapt to spatial disorientation and handle fast-rotating and high-speed vehicles with care, which will promote human flight safety.

並列關鍵字

Coriolis illusion ； Vesticulo-ocular reflex VOR ； Dynamic visual acuity ； Dynamic stereopsis

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科氏錯覺下對人類動態視力與立體感之影響

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