This research aims to develop the risk factors evaluation model on the surgical patient safety in Taiwan. We publish the CHELPS model to describe the relation between the factors in surgical operation, and use factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop the risk factors evaluation criteria used by the surgical operation. The priorities of the risk factors from the research in the descending order are: the ability of the core doctor-nurse team, pre-operation patient's condition, the interactions between medical personnel and patients, the interactions between medical personnel and software, the interactions between medical personnel, the interactions between medical personnel and hardware and the interactions between medical personnel and environment. Among the 32 risk factors, the first 15 risk factors account for 82.94% of the total weight.