保羅•田立克的神律道德及其德育蘊義

近年來，犯罪率不斷升高、犯罪年齡逐年下降，重整道德教育之聲甚囂塵上，漸有「以宗教力量導正人心、提升道德實踐」之說。許多宗教團體已進入校園，參與學校的輔導工作。然而宗教介入道德到底是提昇人性的轉機抑或是人類尊嚴的淪喪，卻時有歧見，尤其在宋七力、妙天禪師等宗教事件發生後，歧見更形擴大。這也是康德確立人類的自律道德將宗教視爲外在的他律道德以來所產生的倫理學爭議。到底自律道德和所謂「他律」的宗教道德其對立是否有融合的可能？在本文中筆者即嘗試以德籍思想家保羅•田立克(Paul Tillich, 1881-1965)所建構的「神律道德」(Theonomous Morality)作爲宗教和道德兩者合一的論點，論述其如何統合自律及他律，既完成自律、又超越自律的意涵。並從此神律道德的觀點來評析我國當前道德教育的本質及內涵，期能爲我國當今強調自律的道德教育困境開顯另一種可能性。

關鍵字

田立克；道德教育；神律道德

並列摘要

Recently, the rate of crime is getting higher and the crime age is getting lower, this brings some significant implications to enarm moral eductaion. Some people think that the religion can purify human spirit and falicitate the practice of morality. And many religious groups have involved themselves to educational activities m order to promote the pupils' moral consciouness and behaviors. But this causes many controversies about the relationship between religion and morality. There is still a great debate on whether or not the religion promotes or spoils human nature. It has also been a significant ethical dispute if religious morality is heternomous since Kant established the autonomous morality. The main concern in this study is that it is possible to integrate autonomous morality and heternomous religious morality. This research intended to apply the theonomous morality constructed by Paul Tillich (1886-1965) German philosopher, to justify the possibility of the integration of morality and religion. Tillich's theonomous morality not only integrates autonomy and heternomy, but also enriches and trancends the content of autonomy.Finally, this study reflected the essence and content of moral education, from the perspective of theonomous morality, to deal with the difficulties of autonomous moral education in Taiwan.