同情、道德與道德教育的哲學研究

A Philosophical Investigation of Sympathy, Morality and Moral Education

林建福(Chien-Fu Lin)

《當代教育研究季刊》 17卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.6151/CERQ.2009.1704.01

摘要

假使人類的生命中存在著一種情緒性機制，能夠使人不傷害他、協助他人消除痛苦、成全他人對幸福的追求等，道德及道德教育的探究就應當要重視這種機制，即加以瞭解及培育。基於此種認識，本文把同情視為具有此種性質的情緒性機制，試圖以此做為探究主題。全文共分為三大部分：第一、闡明同情在道德生活與道德教育中有何重要性；第二、論述同情這個概念可能的混淆與限制；第三、提出同情在道德教育上的重要建議。以最後一部分的建議來說，其包括重視並培養同情的能力或預備狀態、提升參與他人感受的氣質或態度、矯正同情內在的狹隘與偏私、辨別易混淆的相關共享情緒現象、配合智力與想像力共同發展。

關鍵字

同情 ； 道德教育 ； 情緒 ； 教育 ； 道德

並列摘要

If there exists an emotional mechanism with the assistance of which human beings are able to avoid harming others, to aid others to relieve their distress, to help others to obtain their happiness, adequate attention should be paid to it in the investigations of both morality and moral education. Basing on this recognition, sympathy is chosen as the topic of this study This paper is divided into three parts: to begin with, the significance of sympathy to moral life and moral education is expounded in the first section of this paper, then, the confusion and limitations inherent in the concept of sympathy is discussed in the second section; finally, this paper is ended with some suggestions regarding sympathy in moral education. The suggestions put forward are as follows: to emphasize and cultivate the capacity or the state of readiness of sympathy, to promote the disposition or the attitude of participating in others’ feelings, to correct the narrowness and partiality intrinsic in sympathy and to discriminate the easily-confused fellow-feeling, together with the development of intelligence and imagination.

並列關鍵字

Sympathy ； moral education ； emotion ； education ； morality