《中庸》天命思想承繼之初探―以勞思光先生爲中心必討論

The Initial Analysis of the Concept of Heavenly Will in the "Book of Zhong Yong"-discussions Centered on Mr. Lao Si Kuang's Interpretation

魏明政(Ming-Jen Wei)

《鵝湖學誌》 22期 (1999/06) Pp. 99-137

https://doi.org/10.29653/LS.199906.0004

摘要

勞思光先生在其《新編中國哲學史》中，對於儒學思想有十分特殊之理解與詮釋，其以爲：「我不認爲『心性論」必歸於『道德形上學』」，因而將整個儒學系統分成：由先秦儒學（孔孟）爲代表的「心性論中心之哲學」、及由漢代以下論及「天人關係」的「宇宙論中心之哲學」。在如是之觀點下，《中庸》將被論定成「宇宙論中心之漢代哲學」，而不爲先秦孔、孟思想承繼之發展，並且先秦孔、孟儒家系統，亦不具有「道德形上學」之天命思想的部份。本文以爲，勞先生對於儒學之區分是合法的，但是二者間之關係卻未必是相互排斥的，因爲吾人對於存在之理解，未必只關心其自身之存在結構，而更可以是就存有或存有者對吾人而言的意義來加以探問。尤其對一個以生命爲終極關懷、以道德實踐爲優先考量的儒者而言，天地人我間的意義與價值，顯然是魷其存在之客觀結構更爲吾人所關切，同時亦更爲真實而重要。勞先生將儒學限定在心性論而完全排斥形上學之討論，此不但不符合先秦儒學有關天道性命文獻之意義，也使得儒學之內容遭受到貧乏化之限制，當然，其對於《中庸》之理解及詮釋，也因此而更顯得問題重重，令人難以接受。

關鍵字

道德形上學 ； 天命 ； 宇宙論中心之哲學

並列摘要

In Lao Si Kuang's book entitled ”Newly Arranged History of Chinese Philosophy”, he has a unique understanding and interpretation of Confucian concepts. He believes that: the ”Theory of Human Nature” does not necessarily belong to the scope of moral metaphysics. Thus, divided the entire system of Confucianism as ”Philosophy of Human Nature”, represented by early Qin Confucianism (Confucius and Mencius) and ”Cosmic Centered Philosophy”, discussions on ”Heaven-Man Relationship” from Han Dynasty onwards. With this understanding, the ”Book of Zhong Yong” is placed as the ”Cosmic Centered Philosophy of Han nasty” instead of the continuation of Confucian and Mencian Philosophy. Hence, the Confucian system of early Qin would not include the concept of Heavenly Will in the moral metaphysics. We believe that the division of Confucianism by Lao Si Kuang is logical, but it does not mean that the relationships between these two divided parts are mutually exclusive, This is because the understanding of ”Being” does riot mean only the concern on ”Self”, but also with regards to the meaning of ”Being”. Especially, to one whose ultimate concern is about life and moral practice, the value of the objective relationship between Heaven, Earth and ”Self” is obviously more important. Lao Si Kuang limits Confucianism in the context of ”Theory of Human Nature”, therefore excludes the discussions on metaphysics. This not only does not coincide with early Qin Confucian interpretations on the meaning of Heavenly Will and Life; it also inhabits and devalues the Contents of Confucianism. As a result, his understanding and interpretation of the ”Book of Zhong Yong” becomes questionable and unacceptable.

並列關鍵字

Moral Metaphysics ； Heavenly Will ； Cosmic Centered Philosophy

參考文獻

高柏園(1988)。中庸形上思想。

陳麗桂(1999)。本世紀出土思想文獻與中國古典哲學研究兩岸學術研討會。

曾昭旭(1989)。孟子義理疏解。

(1964)。中庸譯注。

(1983)。中庸義理疏解。