宋儒對於「仁」的詮釋－以《論語》「觀過，斯知仁矣」為例

The Sung Neo-Confucians' Interpretations of Jen: From "Kuan-Kuo ssu chih-jen i" of the Analects

林月惠(Yueh-Hui Lin)

《鵝湖學誌》 26期 (2001/06) Pp. 35-66

https://doi.org/10.29653/LS.200106.0002

摘要

「仁」是孔子最重要的思想，在《論語》裡，孔子對於「仁」的詮釋也特別多。數千年來，歷代儒者對《論語》的「仁」，也有不少體會語詮釋。其中，宋明新儒家以回歸孔孟作爲生命與學術的基調，對於「仁」的詮釋，頗具特色。因此，本文首先宏觀地勾勒宋儒論釋「仁」的兩種進路與系譜。其次再微觀地以《論語》「觀過，斯知仁矣」爲例，詳加分析朱熹與湖湘學派對此章的詮釋。最後，彰顯宋儒詮釋「仁」的特色：主體性的轉向。

關鍵字

觀過知仁 ； 朱熹 ； 湖湘學派 ； 主體性的轉向

並列摘要

Jen is the most important idea in Confucius' thought. In the Analects Confucius discussed and interpreted jen repeatedly. Henceforth, a good number of Confucians in history also wrote down their understandings and interpretations of jen. Among them, Sung-Ming Neo-Confucians were quite distinctive in stressing the importance of returning to Confucius and Mencius as well as of moral practice. In this paper, I first macroscopically outline the genealogy and two approaches of the Sung Neo-Confucian interpretations of jen. Then, I microscopically analyze with the example of ”Kuan-kuo ssu chih-jen i” of the Analects the two different interpretations of Chu His and the Hu-Hsiang School. Lastly, I emphasize that ”a subjective shift” is the main characteristic of Sung Neo-Confucians' interpretations of jen.

並列關鍵字

Kuan-kuo chih-jen ； Chu Hsi ； Hu-Hsiang School ； subjective shift

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宋程頤(1983)。河南程氏外書。

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