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中國哲學研究方法論芻議-反省劉笑敢教授「反向格義」與「兩種定向」的觀點

On Methodology of Studying Chinese Philosophy - Reflection on Professor Liu Xiaogan's Ideas of 'Reverse Analogous Interpretation' and 'Dual Orientations'

摘要


劉笑敢教授提出「反向格義」和「兩種定向」的觀點,引起學界不少討論。本文即對這兩個觀念稍作分析,以期進一步改善往後有關討論的水平。本文以為,「反向格義」的觀念容易忽視中文學界之所以用西方哲學概念來解釋「中國哲學」的深層原因,若隨意使用有關概念,容易增添混亂,對「中國哲學」的發展未必有利;而「兩種定向」則高估了兩種「中國哲學」研究方法的分歧,以致未能提出如何使兩種方法互相配合,以取對方之長,來補己方之短。本文提出,西哲康德有關哲學本質的討論,以及佛教「判教」理論,當對融通兩種研究方法,有着一定啟示。

並列摘要


The ideas of 'reverse analogous interpretation' and 'dual orientations' as suggested by Professor Liu Xiaogan draw a lot of attention in academia. This essay evaluates the rationale of these ideas, aiming at helping improve the quality of relevant discussion. I argue that the idea of 'reverse analogous interpretation' may over-simplify the phenomenon of explaining 'Chinese philosophy' by means of Western ideas. The use of this idea may therefore distract the focus of discussion. For the idea of 'dual orientations', I argue that it tends to exaggerate the differences between various research methods. As a result, it fails to see the way of harmonizing them and making them supplementary to each other. To a large extent, I suggest that Immanuel Kant's idea of nature of philosophy and Buddhist idea of 'doctrinal classification' help communicate different research methods, and make Liu's idea more comprehensive.

參考文獻


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