Geographical Variation of Mandible Size and Shape in the Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) from Taiwan and Japan

比較臺灣和日本山豬下顎骨大小及形態的地理發展

遠藤秀紀(Hideki Endo) ； 林良博(Yoshihiro Hayashi) ； 山崎京美(Kyomi Yamazaki) ； 本川雅治(Masaharu Motokawa) ； 裴家騏(Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei) ； 林良恭(Liang-Kong Lin) ； 周政翰(Cheng-Han Chou) ； 押田龍夫(Tatsuo Oshida)

《Zoological Studies》 41卷4期 (2002/10) Pp. 452-460

摘要

本研究利用骨骼測量檢驗法檢視臺灣山豬的下顎骨，並與取自日本主要島嶼（本州，九州）及西表島（沖繩縣）的山豬族群作比較。其中取自西表的山豬族群下顎骨比其他採樣點較小，而取自臺灣的山豬族群標本與三重或兵庫並沒有太大的差異；從主成分分析圖中可看出，臺灣的族群分布在大分及宮崎中。是故我們可以得知臺灣族群的形態與本州地區(三重與兵庫) 相似。在骨骼學上，臺灣山豬下顎骨的特徵受到以下三個地理及氣候因子作用而造成：（1）分布於北緯22度到25度間，（2）分布於海拔2000公尺以上，（3）島嶼的隔離效應（臺灣本島面積36000km^2）。我們推測這就是造成臺灣山豬的下顎骨會與日本本州族群如此類似的原因。

關鍵字

山豬 ； 下顎骨 ； 骨骼測量檢驗法 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

We examined osteometrical characters in the mandibles of the wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from Taiwan, and compared them with those from the Japanese mainland and Iriomote Island (Okinawa Prefecture). Mandibles from Iriomote Island were smaller in size than those from the other localities. Specimens from the Taiwanese population significantly differed from the Mie or Tanba (Honshu) samples in some important measurements such as length of the mandible, although the Mie samples were similar to the Taiwanese ones in many measurements especially in males, while the principal component charts showed that the Taiwanese population is separated from the Oita and Miyazaki (Kyushu) populations for older age classes. Therefore, we concluded that the morphology of the wild pig from Taiwan relatively resembles that of the Japanese wild pig from the Honshu area (Mie and Hyogo (Tanba) Prefectures). The osteological characters in the mandibles of the Taiwanese population have been affected and determined by the following 3 geographical and climatic factors in the habitat: 1) being from 22° to 25° north latitude, 2) being from about 2000 m in elevation, and 3) having experienced the isolation effect on an island of 36 000 km^2. We suggest that these factors make the mandibles from Taiwan similar to those from the Japanese mainland such as those from Mie.

並列關鍵字

Wild pig ； Mandible ； Osteometry ； Taiwan