The genus Atheroides Haliday, 1839 of the tribe Siphini (Aphididae: Chaitophorinae) is revised. Atheroides brevicornis, A. doncasteri, A. hirtellus, A. karakumi, and A. serrulatus are redescribed and figured. A new species, A. persianus sp. nov., is described and figured in detail on the basis of specimens collected in Iran and Turkey. A key to the identification of the known species of the genus Atheroides as well as differences with related species are given. Notes about the distribution and host plants are provided.