王弼《周易注》對「天」的詮釋與轉化

對於「天」的認知，在中西哲學界約有四種類型：（1）人格天（2）自然天（3）道德天（4）形上天。王弼在《周易》中關於「天」的注釋文字，本文只就與人格天、自然天、道德天以及形上天有關者，觀察王弼如何作出詮釋以及思想的轉化。《易經》原是占筮之書，而占筮的對象最重要的是主宰宇宙的神性義的「天」，王弼對《易經》作全面性的詮釋，並將其神性義的「天」全面轉化為「形上天」或「道德義」作解釋。而「形上天」與「道德義」可說是先秦道家與儒家在思想體系上一個非常明顯的分際；形上天是先秦道家的思想核心，稱之為「道」；「道德義」則是先秦儒家所主張。由此觀之，王弼是透過儒、道二家思想詮釋《易經》以建立自己的玄學思想體系。

關鍵字

王弼；周易注；天；詮釋；轉化

並列摘要

There are four kinds of understandings on the concept of ”heaven” in the fields of Eastern and Western philosophy. They are summarized as follows: (1) personality of heaven, (2) nature of heaven, (3) morality of heaven, and (4) metaphysical heaven. Wang Bi had many interpretations on the heaven texts in ”Zhouyi”. This paper uses the perspectives of personality of heaven, nature of heaven, morality of heaven, and metaphysical heaven to observe how Wang Bi interpreted and transformed the thoughts. ”Yi Jing” is a book used to practice divination, with its primary divination subject as ”heaven” which has the power to control the spiritual view of universe. Wang Bi had comprehensive interpretations of ”Yi Jing” and completely transformed spiritual view of ”heaven” into ”metaphysical heaven” or ”spiritual view”. ”Metaphysical heaven” and ”spiritual view” are clear dividers between Pre-Qin Daoism and Confucianism. ”Metaphysical heaven” is the core of thoughts for Pre-Qin Daoism, known as ”Tao”. ”Spiritual view” is the concept advocated by Pre-Qin Confucianism. Hence, Wang Bi interpreted ”Yi Jing” via Taoism and Confucianism to establish his own metaphysical thoughts.