衛禮賢《永恆與變化》之《易》學思想與威瑪文化精神

The Philosophy of the I Ching, Weimar Culture and Its Spirits in Richard Wilhelm's "Constancy and Change"

蔡郁焄(Yu-Xun Cai)

《中國學術年刊》 36_1期 (2014/03) Pp. 93-116

https://doi.org/10.6238/SIS.201403.04

摘要

本文認為中、西《易》學建立於不同的學術傳統和文化背景下，是故在研究西方《易》學時，絕不能將其與中國《易》學等同，或以中國為標準評價其優劣，而是應置於西方學術傳統和時代背景下，才能對西方《易》學的特色有正確的解讀。本文以衛禮賢的《永恆與變化》一書為主要材料，考察時代對衛氏《易》學的影響，藉以說明西方《易》學與時代背景的密切相關性。整理衛氏《易》學思想主要有三：第一，以《易經》為積極的卜筮之書。第二，建立在分析心理學上的《易》學研究。第三，對立與協同的有機《易》學思想。其《易》學思想特色，具有現實意義，主要是針對時代問題而發。衛氏身處於戰敗後的威瑪共和國，此時代體現的文化精神，有著深刻的內部分裂，以及對完滿性的渴求。對於時代的焦慮和恐懼，一方面孕育了豐富的創造力，但也造成精神衰弱，對於未知領域的寄託。衛氏的《易》學思想孕育於這樣的時代，故以《易》為卜筮之書，能為人指引未來，以分析心理學詮釋《易經》的特殊方法論，以及從對立到協同的思考，和建立有機體思想以滿足對完滿性的渴望。

關鍵字

衛禮賢 ； 《永恆與變化》 ； 西方易學 ； 威瑪文化精神

並列摘要

This paper takes on the view that the I Ching study in the East and the West are based on different academic traditions and cultural backgrounds. Therefore, the I Ching study in the West is not equivalent to that of the East, nor can it be judged under the eastern standards and criteria. The I Ching study in the West can only be interpreted correctly based on the western academic tradition and historical background. This essay focuses primarily on Richard Wilhelm's ”Constancy and Change” to illustrate the influence of historical background in Wilhelm's study of the I Ching, and thus demonstrates the western I Ching study is closely related to its own historical era.Wilhelm's philosophy of the I Ching can be classified into three categories. First, I Ching is taken as an active book of divination. Second, the study of the I Ching is based upon analytical psychology. Third, the opposition and collaboration in the organic philosophy of the I Ching are taken into considerations. Wilhelm's philosophy of the I Ching is realistic and practical, evolving through the historical problems that the era faces. Wilhelm was situated in the post-war Weimar Republic, and the cultural spirit at that time had a profound internal division and a strong desire for wholeness. The anxiety and fear at that era not only sparked off rich creativity in man, but also resulted in man's psychasthenia and their inclination for the unknown. Wilhelm's philosophy of the I Ching is incubated at such period, hence I Ching is taken as a book of divination, which can direct and assist man into the future. Also, with analytical psychology as a special methodology to interpret the I Ching, with the consideration from opposition to collaboration, and the establishment of an organic philosophy, Wilhelm aims to fulfill the historical desire for wholeness.

並列關鍵字

Richard Wilhelm ； "Constancy and Change" ； the study of the I Ching in the West ； Weimar culture and its spirits

參考文獻

Kidder Smith, “Book Reviews:Lectures on the I Ching: Constancy and Change”, Journal of Asian Studies.