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以極值分析理論推估最佳設計風壓係數

Estimation of Design Pressure Coefficient Based on Extreme Value Analysis Theory

摘要


決定設計風載重大小取決於設計風速與設計風壓係數的評估。其中設計風速的評估由實場監測長年累積的數據經極值分析理論求得,因此首先必須對於標的物的氣象資料資訊進行了解。再者,設計風壓係數由標的物的幾何外型決定,可以經由正確的物理縮尺風洞試驗,在滿足各種無因次化參數條件下,獲得標的物每個局部位置的風壓係數值。設計風速與設計風壓係數的機率密度分布函數透過乘冪計算,必須滿足對於標的物破壞的目標超越機率。本研究以台灣本土的氣象資料進行設計風速的評估,輔以一簡單的高層建築物理縮尺實驗作為設計風壓係數的推算範例,推算出滿足於標的物分類及回歸期的最佳設計風壓係數值及其相對應之最佳設計非超越機率值、最佳設計風載重。

並列摘要


To determine a proper design wind load relies on correct evaluations on design wind speed and design wind pressure coefficient. The evaluation on design wind speed requires the understanding of local meteorological information accumulated for a long-term period and the knowledge of extreme value analysis; wind pressure coefficient of the target structure can be obtained via properly arranged wind tunnel test fulfilling the satisfactory demand of all non-dimensional aerodynamic parameters. By satisfying the target exceedance probability of failure of a target building, convolution process of probability densities of design wind speed and pressure coefficients is carried out and then the optimal design pressure coefficient can be found through iterative calculation. This study intends to apply local meteorological information in Taiwan and a simple wind tunnel test to demonstrate the determination of the optimal design fractile and its corresponding design wind pressure coefficient and design wind load.

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