森林植群生態資訊建立之研究

Studies on the Establishment of Forest Ecological Information

吳守從(Shoou-Tsorng Wu) ； 陳永寬(Yeong-Kuan Chen)

《航測及遙測學刊》 3卷2期 (1998/06) Pp. 71-100

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.1998.3(2).4

摘要

本研究以臺灣中部南投縣信義鄉之沙里仙地區為範圍，地理資訊系統為工具，配合植群分析理論與相關統計方法，進行森林植群生態資訊之構建工作。研究過程中，除探討研究區植群社會的結構問題、推演其與地理環境因子間之相關模式外，並藉此模式推導研究區各生態介量之分布圖。本研究所得重要結果如下：一、利用降趨對應分析及列表比較法進行植群分析，同時參考前人之研究結果後，將研究區分為冷杉林帶、鐵杉－雲杉林帶、櫟林帶及楠櫧林帶等四類。利用Weibull機率密度函數求解各林帶之B、C值，得知調查區內各林帶之林分結構，以中、小級徑木居多，且其林分結構型態皆屬鐘形右偏歪曲線或反J型曲線，顯示各林帶之天然更新狀況良好，同時在演替上亦逐漸趨於穩定狀態。就各林帶之木本植物歧異度而言，針葉林帶明顯較闊葉林帶為小，顯示針葉林之物種組成較為單純，而闊葉林之物種組成較為複雜。二、判別分析之結果，可提供進行研究區內植群社會、林分結構、木本植物歧異度等空間分布狀況之模擬。其中植群社會之空間分布主要受海拔高、坡度、水分梯度及直射光空域等地理環境因子之影響；林分木本植物之歧異度主要受海拔高、坡向、水份梯度及地質等地理環境因子之影響；而坡向、坡度、全天光空域及地質等地理環境因子影響林分各徑級立木之分布比例；坡度則影響林木直徑之分布型態。

關鍵字

植群生態資訊 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 植群分析 ； 林分結構

並列摘要

This study selected the Salisen region at Hsinyi of Nantou County as a stdy area, and utilized the geographic information system, vegetation analysis method and multivariate statistics, to discuss how to build an ecological information of vegetation in natural forest.In this study, the structure of plant society was explored and derived the models from the ecological vegetation parameters and geographic factors. Then these model was used to simulate the distribution maps of vegetation parameters for the study area. The results indicated as follow:1.The vegetation types of study area were divided into Abies zone, Tsuga-Picea zone, Quercus zone and Machilus-Castanopsis zone by detrended correspondence analysis and table rearrangement. Besides, the B,C values of Weibull probaility density function and Shannon's diversity index for each vegetation zone were calculated. It showed that the natural regeneration of each vegetation zone was fine and its stand structure was stabile. The diversity of broad-leaved forest was more abundant than coniferous forest.2.The distribution pattern of vegetation zone, diversity index, and stand structure were simulated by discriminant analysis. The accuracy of classification was over than 70 percent. The vegetation distribution was affected by elevation, slope, moisture gradient class and direct light skyspace. The diversity was affected by elevation, aspect, moisture gradient class and geology. The aspect, slope, whole light skyspace and geology influenced the B value of Weibull probability density function. the slope affected the C value of Weibull probability density function.

並列關鍵字

Vegetation database ； GIS ； Vegetation analysis ； Stand structure