利用航測與地理資訊系統技術調查阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區地形與林型分佈之研究

Applications of Aerial Photogrammetry and GIS Techniques on Mapping the Forest Type and Terrain Characteristics of the Alishan Natural Reserve Area

林金樹(Chin-Su Lin) ； 管立豪(Li-Hao Kuan)

《航測及遙測學刊》 7卷1期 (2002/03) Pp. 35-52

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2002.7(1).3

摘要

本研究利用航測技術測繪阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區之林型分佈圖及數值地形模型資料，目的在瞭解阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區之植群資訊，以供保護區森林經營與遙測研究之應用。研究結果顯示，阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區之平均海拔高為2110公尺，平均坡度為23.4°，全區50%林地面積的坡度高於平均坡度，整體的地形景觀則呈現由西北方向往東南方向逐漸爬升之走勢，全區具有多重的皺褶分佈，地形起伏變化很大。阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區內之優勢樹種有針葉樹類之檜木、鐵杉、松類、柳杉、台灣杉等以及闊葉樹等，這些植群多以混淆林的型態分佈其間；利用航測法共可將全區植群之分佈區劃為16種林型，其中以檜木類松類混淆林、檜木松類闊葉樹混淆林、檜木類鐵杉松類混淆林以及檜木類鐵杉松類闊葉樹混淆林等四種混淆林型為最大宗，合計約佔92%的保護區面積；阿里山針闊葉林自然保護區之林型在不同的海拔高、坡向及坡度等不同的地形條件下出現的林型豐富度有極顯著的差異。

關鍵字

航測 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 阿里山自然保護區 ； 林型 ； 地形分析

並列摘要

The Alishan natural reserve area, abbreviated as ANRA, locates in the middle-southern part of Taiwan. It has been choosing to be the study site for implementing serial remote sensing researches that focus on the long-term development monitoring of forest reserve area. This study is an essential one of the serial researches. It aims to mapping the distribution of vegetation types to supporting the research needs of remote sensing. After review the relative literatures and onsite checking survey, we made a photo interpretation key for mapping the forest types of ANRA. A digital elevation model of ANRA was also produced in this study by the means of digital photogrammetry for applying to analyze the terrain of the study site. The results show that the mean of the elevation and slope of ANRA is 2,110 meters and 23.4 degrees respectively, and there are about 50% of the site area whose slope is greater than the slope mean of the site. The terrain relief of ANRA goes up from the lower northwest to the higher southeast and covers with many folds around the whole site. The dominant species of ANRA are Chamaechyparis spp., Tsuga chinensis, Pinus spp., Cryptomeria japonica and Taiwania cryptomerioides, and other hardwood species. All of these species are mainly distributed in mixed types and rarely existed in pure types. There are 16 forest types that could be interpreted from the aerial photographs. And among all of the forest types, the HP (Hinoki-Pinus), HPH (Hinoki-Pinus-Hardwood), HTP (Hinoki-Tsuga-Pinus), and HTPH (Hinoki-Tsuga-Pinus-Hardwood) are the superior ones and they inhabit totally more than 92% of the site area. The richness of forest types (RFT) of the ANRA is significantly different at varying situations of the elevation, aspect and slope factors.

並列關鍵字

Aerial photogrammetry ； GIS ； Alishan natural reserve area (ANRA) ； Forest type ； Terrain analysis