整合空載光達點雲與地形圖模塑房屋之分治策略

A Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Building Reconstruction Using Airborne LIDAR Point Clouds and Topographic Maps

張智安(Tee-Ann Teo) ； 陳良健(Liang-Chien Chen)

《航測及遙測學刊》 14卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 83-94

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2009.14(2).1

摘要

數碼城市是真實城市於資訊系統中建構的數位式虛擬版，數碼城市可應用於城市之規劃、設計、建設、及管理等。房屋模型爲數碼城市中重要的元件之一。在傳統航測製圖作業中，使用航空影像立體對重建房屋模型。近年來，光達系統技術漸趨成熟，提供了另一類資料進行房屋建模，因此，本研究之目的爲使用空載光達點雲進行房屋重建。本研究的主要貢獻提出以分治策略進行複雜房屋模型之重建，研究中結合空載光達點雲及地形圖重建房屋模型。主要工作包含三個步驟：⑴房屋分解，⑵房屋基元形塑，及⑶房屋基元合併。在房屋分解時，使用空載光達資料偵測屋頂結構線，並利用該屋頂結構線分解地形 圖之房屋輪廓，以產生簡單的二維房屋基元。接著，使用每一個房屋基元內的空載光達點雲形塑平面或圓弧面屋頂。最後，考量基元間之共面及共線特性將三維房屋基元合併爲一房屋模型。實驗中使用台北 地區資料進行測試，重建之成功率可達92%且漏授率低於5%，房屋模塑誤差爲55公分，房屋模型重建之平面精度爲40公分，高程精度爲70公分。實驗結果顯示，本研究所提出的方法可產生高可靠度之房屋模型。

關鍵字

空載光達 ； 地形圖 ； 房屋重建 ； 分治策略

並列摘要

The cyber city, a replica of the real one, has demonstrated its potentials in urban and environmental planning, design, construction, and management. Building model is one of the most important elements in a cyber city. Traditionally, the reconstruction of building models is performed by using aerial photography. As an emerging technology, the airborne LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system provides a promising alternative. Hence, this investigation utilizes the airborne LIDAR point clouds for building reconstruction. The major contribution of this investigation is to propose a solution for the reconstruction of complex buildings. This investigation presents a scheme for the reconstruction of building models from airborne LIDAR point clouds and topographic maps by using a divide-and-conquer strategy. The proposed scheme comprises three major parts: (1) decomposition of building boundaries (2) shaping of building primitives, and (3) combination of building primitives. In the decomposition of building boundaries, the airborne LIDAR data is selected to extract the inner structure lines. Then, the split procedure divides the building boundaries into several building primitives using the extracted feature lines. In the shaping of building primitives, the parameters fitting is applied to shape the roof for each building primitive from airborne LIDAR point clouds. The roof shapes include both planar and circular types. Finally, a least squares adjustment considering the co-planarity and co-linearity is used to merge the 3-D building primitives into building models. The proposed method has been tested with the data collected in Taipei city of Taiwan. The reconstruction rate is better than 92% while the omission error is smaller than 5%. The shaping error is 55cm. The planimetric and vertical accuracy of the reconstructed models are better than 40cm and 70cm, respectively. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme produces high fidelity models.

並列關鍵字

LIDAR ； topographic maps ； building reconstruction ； divide-and-conquer strategy