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時域相關點雷達干涉技術應用於雲林嚴重地層下陷區監測

Monitoring Serious Land Subsidence in Yunlin Using Temporarily Coherent Point SAR Interferometry

摘要


雲林地區在地質條件上富含有易壓縮土壤,加上不當過量抽用地下水,導致該區域為臺灣目前最嚴重的地層下陷區。傳統監測方法是設置多元化監測系統,該系統包括:全球定位系統(Global PositioningSystem, GPS)、水準測量、磁環分層式地層下陷監測井(以下簡稱地陷監測井)與地下水位井,分別從空中、地面與地下不同面向監測下陷區域的變化。上述方法會因經費的限制影響監測點位的密度,進而影響整體監測的精度。本文以時域相關點雷達干涉技術(Temporarily Coherent Point SAR Interferometry ,TCPInSAR)對地表變形進行監測,該方法不僅可獲大範圍地表變形資訊,同時因為不需經由相位解纏(Phase Unwrapping),避免可能存在相位模糊(Phase Ambiguity)的錯誤解算。本研究使用從2007年3月至2011年3月共15幅的ALOS衛星影像,組成29對的影像對,獲得TCP密度約為196像素/平方公里,遠高於水準點密度0.22點/平方公里。透過268個水準點的交叉驗證,TCPInSAR與水準測量之垂直變形量的均方根誤差(RMSE)達到0.6公分/年,本研究驗證時域相關點雷達干涉技術搭配ALOS影像能夠高精度與高解析度監測雲林嚴重地層下陷區的下陷。

並列摘要


Yunlin area is suffering severe subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal and the high compressibility of sediment. The conventional geodetic methods including GPS, leveling and multi-layer compaction monitoring well have been used to monitor land subsidence. Those sensors can only deliver point-wise displacements and the monitoring capacity of displacement is limited by point density. In this study, we applied temporarily coherent point SAR interferometry (TCPInSAR) to monitor land deformation rate over Yunlin area. The proposed method can estimate deformation parameters without the effect of unresolved phase ambiguity resolution. The study utilizes 15 ALOS PALSAR acquisitions from March 2007 to March 2011 to derive land deformation. The TCP density over Yunlin is 196 pixels/km2, compared to 0.22 point/km2 of the leveling benchmarks. TCPInSAR yields vertical displacements matching the leveling result to 0.6 cm/year (RMSE). This research suggests that TCPInSAR with ALOS PALSAR data can effectively monitor land subsidence in a large area like Yunlin area.

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