麥可波特“鑽石模式”量表化之初探－以“世界競爭力報導”為效標

Measuring Porter's Diamond: An Exploratory Study Based on World Competitiveness Report

陳正男(Cheng-Nan Chen) ； 譚大純(David D. C. Tarn)

《管理評論》 16卷2期 (1997/07) Pp. 21-48

https://doi.org/10.6656/MR.1997.16.2.CHI.21

摘要

本文基於國家競爭力在衡量上的重要性，遂依據Porter(1990)在「國家競爭優勢」一書所提之鑽石模式，探索性地設計一套衡量鑽石模式之量表。此量表用以彌補IMD「世界競爭力報導」的三項缺點：(1)缺乏產業特定性、(2)次級資料過多及(3)未經效標驗證其解釋力。新量表共有五個決定性因子、30個題項，再針對各國赴歐投資與經營之企業進行問卷調查。本研究選取(1)「世界競爭力報導」及(2)各地主國產業經營績效為效標，以檢驗新量表之解釋力。經過相關分析、因素分析及複迴歸等統計方法驗證後，發現新量表具有中度的效標效度，而題項間亦大致上符合收斂與鑑別效度的要求；並發現鑽石模式確實具有產業特定性，卻不存在跨國間效果。本研究尚屬初探，尚未能斷言新量表的可用性，但相信此量表應具有國家競爭力的解釋力，亦提出後續的研究方向。

關鍵字

國家競爭力 ； 鑽石模式 ； 衡量量表化 ； 世界競爭力報導

並列摘要

Considering the essentiality on measuring competitiveness of a nation, this study exploratorily designs a scale, which followed Michael E. Porter's (1990) ”Diamond,” to measure the competitive advantage of a nation, The new scale is designed in order to overcome three shortcomings of IMD's World Competitive Report (WCR): (1) WCR lacks industrial specificity, (2) WCR's measurement involves too much secondary data, and (3) WCR's explanatory power cannot be test. A five-determinant, 30-item scale is built. This study also samples 86 foreign- owned firms in European to test reliability and validity of the new scale, and selected (1) WCR's ranking and (2) industrial performance of the host country to test the empirical validity. After the statistical analysis, including corrlation analysis, factor analysis and multi-regression, it is found that the new scale has good empirical validity, convergent and discriminant validity. And industrial specificity does exsit in the Diamond model.

並列關鍵字

Nation's Competitiveness ； Porter's 1990 Diamond ； Measurement ； World Competitiveness Report