《阿信》連續劇觀衆研究：由觀衆詮釋模式看女性與社會規範的互動關係

Soup Opera and Audience Research: Three Interpretive Types and Their Relationships with Social Norms

林芳玫(Fang-Mei Lin)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 22期 (1996/04) Pp. 153-193

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199604.0005

摘要

本研究以電視劇《阿信》之女性觀衆爲研究對象，進行深度訪談。由於近年來學術界對於閱聽人的研究傾向於強調其主動積極的解讀能力，而此能力又被部份後現代學者視爲具有抗拒的潛力，足以顚覆宰制性意識形態，本研究乃從具體而微觀的層次出發，探討抗拒性閱聽人的普遍程度如何，並進而發掘女性與社會規範的關係。訪談結果發現，觀衆類型可分爲社會規範型、個別情境型、以及結構批判型。只有一成左右的受訪者從社會結構的觀點對連續劇文本提出批判，而這類批判型的閱聽人並未抗拒文本，而是欣賞女主角阿信而同時又批評劇中意識形態。本研究因而主張「抗拒」此概念應加以修正，而抗拒性解讀的普遍程度則應採取保守估計。社會規範型的閱聽人佔大多數，但她們並非被動的服從文本及其所指涉的社會規範，而是主動的對社會規範加以詮釋並內化爲個人修身及待人處事之道。本研究最後以女性主義的自我反思立場，認爲女性對社會規範的態度不是順服的奴隸，也不是反抗的叛徒，而是適應與批評之間選擇利人利己的人際互動方式。

關鍵字

抗拒 ； 社會規範型 ； 個別情境型 ； 結構批判型

並列摘要

This study uses in-depth interviews to explore the ways female audiences interpret a TV soap opera. In recent scholarship on audience, audiences are conceptualized as having active and critical interpretive ability, which is further regarded by certain post-modernist theorists as the ability to resist and subvert dominant ideology. This study therefore intends to use concrete and micro-level research to see to what extent resistant decoding exists among audience members. From this, we can explore further how women interact with norms that contain patriarchal ideology. Research findings show that there are three types of audiences: norm-conforming, situational, and structural-critical, the last accounting for 10% of the interviewees. However, even structural-critical women enjoy the soap opera and its heroine, and they do not adopt resistant decoding in opposition to textual encoding. This study therefore regards audiences' critical attitude and resistant decoding as two analytically separate issues. This paper argues that the concept of resistance and its application should be modified and the existence of resistant decoding should not be overestimated.

並列關鍵字

resistance ； norm-conforming type ； situational type ； structural-critical type