東亞“世界城市”的不同路徑：漢城與台北

Different Routes towards World City Formation in East Asia: Seoul and Taipei Compared

王振寰(Jenn-Hwan Wang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 47期 (2002/09) Pp. 85-139

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200209.0003

摘要

世界城市地位是東亞主要城市的夢想，但是1997年的金融風暴卻打碎了這樣的在願景。本論文討論漢城和台北在邁向世界城市的過程中，由於不同的發展方式，採取不同的策略，而展現不同的模式，並在1997年東亞金融風暴中，受到不同程度的衝擊。世界城市就是控制中心也是金融中心，而這意味著城市功能的改變和金融體制的轉型到英美資本市場模式。我將指出，漢城與台北的發展，受制於過去體制的影響－經濟發展模式，企業結構，以及金融體制的因素－漢城的模式，是成長擴張，企業追求全球化，以及金融無控制的自由化。這使得漢城的發展高度與世界連結，但是由於高度擴張和企業的負債，而使其世界城市發展陷於高度風險。相對的，台北的發展與台灣的穩定優先模式、中小企業為主、控制下的金融自由化有關。因此，台北的世界城市發展，穩定先於擴張和成長，而使其全球城市策略受到限制。本論文也將討論1997年之後，漢城和台北在政治經濟發展上的差異，漢城在大幅度改革之後，重新站起；而台北則在政治與經濟分離下，逐漸失去競爭能力。

關鍵字

世界城市 ； 金融體制 ； 金融中心 ； 漢城 ； 台北 ； 束亞

並列摘要

To become a world city has been an ambition for most of the East Asian cities. However, the 1997 financial crisis seriously spoiled this wish. This paper discusses the different approaches that Taipei and Seoul have adopted in transforming into world city status. I argue that a world city is also a commanding center in which the financial sector will play the dominant role in which the sector will also have to be transformed into the Anglo-Saxonian financial market model. This transformation is path dependent, affected by economic development model, corporate governance, and financial sector respectively. It will argue that Seoul's approach was based on big push, Chaebol oriented, high debt-to-equity corporate governance, and liberalization without regulation tactic. This led to the high growth of the city however it also put Seoul into a high-risk environment. In contrast, Taipei's approach was based on prudent method, small and medium-sized enterprises, low debt-to-equity corporate governance, and controlled liberalization. Therefore, Taipei's transformation has not so enormous, and lacking the capacity to become a world city. This paper also discusses the development of both cities after the 1997 crisis and concludes that Seoul has been restructuring to become a competitive world city as its central state has taken ambitious reforms to its economic structure, while Taipei has gradually lost its competitiveness as the state has been entangled with its conservative strategies that has led to the divergence of its polity with its economy.

並列關鍵字

world city ； financial institution ； financial center ； Seoul Taipei ； East Asia

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