中國大陸地方土地産權體制的形構與演化：東莞地區案例

The Formation and Transformation of Local Land Property Rights Regime in China: A Case Study of the Dong-guan Area

楊友仁(You-Ren Yang) ； 王鴻楷(Hung-Kai Wang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 63期 (2006/09) Pp. 53-93

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200609.0002

摘要

本文主要探討東莞地區以集體所有制為主體的地方土地產權體制之形成脈絡、支持其存在的制度安排以及可能導致其演變的動力，並提出理解中國大陸各地迥異之社會經濟制度的「制度空間」研究取向。本文觀察到在不同空間尺度中支持與順暢東莞地區集體土地產權體制運作的相關機制，並認為以集體所有制為主體的地方產權體制對當地農民的福利遠高於國有制的土地產權體制，然而中國大陸國家機器的作用觸角在快速工業化地區為了奪取農地變更的巨大潛在地租而透過各種方式不斷往農村社會延伸。最後本文提出「鎮壓村」的假說，來詮釋中國大陸快速農村工業化地區的國家社會動態關係。

關鍵字

土地産權體制 ； 地方發展 ； 集體所有制 ； 制度空間 ； 制度變遷

並列摘要

The main purpose of this paper is 1) to explore the institutional arrangements, forces and local contexts that support the development as well as change of the collective ownership-based land property rights system in Dong-guan, Guang-dong province, and 2) to propose an ”institutional space” approach to understanding the highly diverse local socio-economic systems in different regions of China. We identify the mechanisms that sustain and mitigate, at various spatial scales in the Dong-guan area, the functioning of the land property rights regime of collective ownership. We hence believe that the benefits generated for the peasants by a collectively owned system are far better than that by a state-owned system. Yet, in order to seize the enormous potential rent gap from change of land use, the tentacles of the state organ are, in different ways, tirelessly reaching into villages in rapidly industrializing areas. Finally, we suggest a ”township wronging the villages” hypothesis for interpreting the dynamics of state/society relationship in areas where villages are being rapidly developed.

並列關鍵字

land property rights regime ； local development ； collective ownership ； institutional space ； institutional transformation

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