- 期刊
曖昧的歸屬，策略性的協商－在台東南亞新移民女性的國族認同
Ambiguous Belonging, Strategic Negotiation-National Identification of Southeast-Asian Immigrant Wives in Taiwan
摘要
認同一直是台灣學術研究新移民女性現象時被忽略的一環，本文在國族認同的議題下，探討東南亞新移民女性跨海結婚來台以後的形構樣貌。相關文獻已指出環境裡的權力運作與個體認同之間的息息相關，特別是女性常在國族建構裡被賦予邊界標誌，女性移民更易承接來自接待社會對原生國家強加的標誌烙印。台灣社會對於新移民女性「排她」地刻畫國族界線，生活於此脈絡中，這群女性將形構出怎樣的國族認同？透過深入訪談18位新移民女性，本文發現她們來台以後都多少經驗著「排她」，不過「與原生家庭的情感連結」、「既嫁從夫」、「成為母親」以及「移動前後情境交錯」有著重要的影響力，她們的國族認同因此是在台灣與母國的跨國座標裡定義參照，多數形構出「我是台灣人，我也是越南／印尼／柬埔寨人」的認同，甚至有「我要做台灣人，我不要當柬埔寨人」的歸類。但是「排她」經驗難以抹滅，「我是印尼人，不是台灣人」的類型因而產生，「認同台灣」與「認同母國」也在「排她」的脈絡下被視為是種政治性的協商策略。本文研究成果不僅助於了解東南亞新移民女性在「認同／不認同」「台灣／母國」裡既曖昧又協商的國族認同面貌，亦指出歸化國籍與產生國族認同之間非等號的關係，更期能對台灣的同化論述與國族優越宣稱提出反省意義。
並列摘要
This article explores national identification of Southeast-Asian women who migrated into Taiwan by marriage. It has been demonstrated that the identification of the individual is closely linked to structural power. Feminist scholarship also reveals ways in which idealized images and real bodies of women serve as national boundaries; accordingly immigrant women are more easily stigmatized in the host country. Taiwanese society portrays Southeast- Asian immigrant wives as ”problem-makers”; thus, this article mainly asks how these women can define themselves and construct a sense of belonging after marrying into Taiwan. Based on in-depth interviews, I first address that these immigrant wives' national identification is multiply, ambiguously, resistantly and politically (re)defined not only within transnational fields (that is, ties with homeland, mothering experiences in Taiwan, and living conditions before and after migration), but also by discriminatory gaze in Taiwan that regards them as ”outsiders”. It is also found that having Taiwanese citizenship unlikely draws forth immigrant wives' Taiwanese identity. These research results remind ”superior Taiwan” of self-examination.