諮商心理師多元文化諮商的實踐探究：以新住民女性諮商為例

Exploring Multicultural Counseling Practice Experiences of Counseling Psychologists: The Case of Female New Immigrant Clients

王翊涵(Yi-Han Wang)

《中華輔導與諮商學報》 58期 (2020/05) Pp. 127-159

https://doi.org/10.3966/172851862020050058004

摘要

全球化下，台灣已成為大量女性婚姻移民的客居地，這群來自中國大陸與東南亞國家的女性來台後，不僅需要面對各種生活適應的挑戰，其亦處於種族、階級與性別的多重弱勢位置。基於多元文化諮商日趨受到重視的文獻與實務脈絡，以及重視新住民女性的心理健康福祉，本文探討七位諮商心理師諮商新住民女性當事人的經驗，以主題分析法來對深度訪談資料進行彙整，耙梳出能有效與之工作的重要策略與原則，期能為以新住民女性為主體之多元文化諮商內涵建構做出貢獻，並能為台灣多元文化諮商教育、訓練規劃的參考。研究首先發現，諮商專業與新住民女性之間存在著服務不可及與語言隔閡的問題。論及如何與新住民女性當事人有效工作，本文歸納出五項重要原則：「簡易語言的使用」、「如實理解」、「增進文化覺察能力」、「在諮商中賦權」及「與社工跨專業合作」。本文最後將這些原則與多元文化諮商能力的三大面向進行對照，提出新住民女性諮商之多元文化能力的具體作法，並呈現當前台灣多元文化諮商實踐的限制，最後則依研究結果對諮商實務與未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

多元文化諮商 ； 多元文化諮商能力 ； 移民諮商 ； 新住民女性當事人

並列摘要

It is highly valued that psycho-therapists should be competent in multicultural issues in counseling process. However there has been a lack of awareness among the counseling professionals regarding cultural differences between various ethnicities since 1960s. Therefore a kind of new counseling approach which was more appropriate to minority clients' experiences should be developed. Under globalization, more and more women have been migrating into Taiwanese society by marriage. These women, named as ＂female new immigrants＂, mainly come from Mainland China and Southeast Asia countries. Their population grew from almost 8,000 in 1998 to around 556,000 in 2019. These women have been observed encountering multiple difficulties from cultural adjustment to discrimination. Their lives in the new home might be overshadowed by the association of their marriages with commodification, marriage agent's intervention, negative media images of ＂foreign brides＂, traditional gender norms, and racialization. Hence the welfare of female new immigrants is in urgent need of full attention. They might need help or services from counseling psychologists, but there is not so much discussion of counseling training regarding multicultural counseling competencies in Taiwan. The issue is a matter of concern for counseling professionals, and this paper thus explores the counseling experiences of 7 counseling psychologists with these women. The focus is mainly on the useful principles related to counseling practice with female new immigrant clients. The qualitative data was collected from a multicultural counseling perspective and was analyzed using Thematic Analysis method. First, it is found that it is not easy for female new immigrants to access counseling services mainly because of language barrier. Second, five counseling principles have been generated: (1) Simple and straight forward language should be conducted especially while reflecting emotion and structuring; (2) While understanding these women's presenting issues, their life context in Taiwan as well as their native culture need to be equally taken into account; (3) Cultural sensitivity is highly recommended to be enhanced by all counseling psychologists. The useful ways may include continuously receiving supervision, taking relative courses, or adapting the systematic approach in counseling; (4) Empowering female new immigrant clients by emphasizing their self-efficacy, recognizing their strength, using their native culture (such as art or language), valuing their learning abilities, and allowing autonomy; and (5) Collaborating with social workers who have expertise in assisting female new immigrant clients to liaison with counseling psychologists, in adopting out-of-office strategies to facilitate supportive systems, as well as in benefiting clients by locating more social resources. This paper finally put forward five recommendations of how multicultural counseling practice should be formulated specifically benefit new female immigrants: (1) Cross-professional collaboration between counseling professionals and social welfare systems should be developed so that female new immigrants can have the chance to be referred to the counseling psychologists and receive appropriate services; (2) it is necessary to include multicultural issues (racial and ethnic group should be contained) in the counseling training programs for the sake of increasing counseling psychologists' competencies and then they can work well with clients from different cultures; (3) counseling psychologists should improve the skill of out-of-office so that they can exercise institutional intervention when necessary; (4) the professional skills of reflection of feelings should be reframed diversely and flexibly in order that counseling psychologists can appropriately show empathy to female new immigrant clients; and (5) it is required to set resources of counseling interpreters so that the female new immigrants who are not fluent in Chinese or Taiwanese can receive counseling services as well.

並列關鍵字

Female new immigrant clients ； immigrant counseling ； multicultural counseling ； multicultural counseling competencies

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