The Occurrence of Grapevine Leafroll Disease Among the Main Grapevine Cuitivars and Breeding Stocks in Taiwan

葡萄捲葉毒素病於臺灣葡萄栽培品種與育種材料上之發生概況調查

陳慧璘(Huey-Lin Chen) ； 陳脉紀(Moh-Jih Chen) ； 曾德賜(Dean Der-Syh Tzeng)

《植物病理學會刊》 3卷3期 (1994/09) Pp. 156-167

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199409_3(3).0004

摘要

為瞭解葡萄捲葉病毒感染在本省葡萄種源上之發生概況，本研究一則利用葡萄毒素病指示品種行田間芽接檢診，另則利用兔子抗血清行酵素聯結抗體免疫吸附測定法(ELISA)血清檢診，總計調查菸類試驗所品種保存區中50個具疑似捲葉病毒感染病徵之葡萄品種或品系；檢測結果發現其中葡萄捲葉病之罹病率相當高，目前田問大面積推廣栽培之葡萄品種巨峰、義大利、黑后、與金香等均受到感染。這些罹病葡萄，其組織之超薄切片經電顯鏡檢並可發現有長絲狀典型的Closterovirus病毒粒子之存在。ELISA血清檢測結果，進一步顯示第三、第四型捲葉病毒於供試葡萄材料上，發生相當普遍。比較芽接田間檢診及血清檢診結果更發現︰部份葡萄材料，經嫁接檢診出現罹病正反應者，卻無法與第三型或第四型捲葉病毒抗血清起反應，顯示本省葡萄材料上，還有其他血清型之捲葉病毒。供試葡萄品種中，為捲葉病毒感染所表現之典型病徵包括植株春季萌芽延遲，果實成熟延遲，果串變小，成熟不一致，葉片捲曲、變色—白色品種葉片黃化、紅色葡萄品種葉片紅化，紅色鮮食葡萄品種巨峰為一例外，其罹病植株為葉片黃化之病徵。此一病害對葡萄生產最顯著之影響為罹病植株生育明顯退化及產量低降；由本調查結果顯見捲葉病於本省葡萄之發生篤害相當普遍，其潛在威脅甚值得有關單位重視。

關鍵字

芽接田間病害檢診 ； Closterovirus病毒 ； 病害發生 ； ELISA檢定 ； 葡萄捲葉病 ； 血清

並列摘要

A preliminary survey of the occurrence of leafroll disease among the grapevine collections in Taiwan was conducted. A total of 50 grapevine cultivars or breeding lines showing suspicious leafroll symptoms were examined by chip bud grafting field indexing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the identity of the causal agents, The results indicated generally a high incidence of leafroll-associated virus infection among these tested grapevines including the main commercial cultivars like Kyoho, Italia, Black Queen and Golden Muscate. By electron microscopy, the long flexuous closterovirus particles were detected from affected grapevine tissues. The performed ELBA further indicated the high proportion of complex infection by Type III and Type IV leafroll viruses among the test grapevines. In biological indexing analysis, symptom development on indicator grapevines LN-33, and Cabernet Franc, reflected a higher proportion of leafroll infection as compared to that detected by ELISA, indicating the possible existence of other serotypes. The main symptoms of leafroll associated virus infection on tested grapevines included delayed bud break and fruit maturation, reduced cluster size, uneven fruit maturation, leaf rolling, and altered leaf colors-typically leaf reddening among red grapes and the yellowing among white grapes. Kyoho, the main red table grapevine, was an exception in that leaf yellowing in stead of reddening was generally observed. Impact of the disease was most evident by the substantially deteriorated growth development and fruit yield. The high proportion of disease incidence clearly indicated the potential threat of the disease and the great attention it deserved.

並列關鍵字

Chip-bud grafting field indexing ； closterovirus ； disease occurrence ； ELISA ； grapevine leafroll disease ； serotype