防治菊花莖腐病生物性殺菌劑的研發

Development and Production of Biofungicide to Control Chrysantbemum Stem Rot

吳文希(W. S. Wu)

《植物病理學會刊》 5卷2期 (1996/06) Pp. 85-90

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199606_5(2).0003

摘要

對立枯絲核菌具拮抗力之Bacillus subtilis,在簡化改良式的培養基中，可大量繁殖；培養72小時後,菌落族群可達10^9 cfu/毫升，此培養基配方爲每升蒸餾水中添加25克米粉，5克糖漿及2.5克酵母粉B. subtilis適合在未調整酸鹼度之原培養基的酸鹼度下生長繁殖，最適生長溫度爲30 C。B. subtilis適合存活於高嶺土中，在其中的族群至少可以維持九個月，而不至於降落。利用B. subtilis高嶺土所做成的粉劑，可以顯著地(P=0.05)防治菊花莖腐病，並顯著有效地促進扦插苗根的發育，而且這種效應在砂、(石至)石及泥炭土中均可充份表現出來；B. subtilis 粉劑應用在田間，一樣可表現顯著有效防治莖腐病及促進扦插苗根之發育效果,且比農民習用之植保素(benomyI +0.1 % NAA)還好；如添加0.1%NAA在B. subtilis粉劑中，並無增進B. subtilis防治病害及促進菊花苗根部發育之效果。

關鍵字

立枯絲核菌 ； 菊花 ； 生物防治 ； 生物性殺菌劑

並列摘要

Bacillus subtilis which was antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani grew to 10^9 cfu/ml in an improved simplified cultural medium after 72 hours of incubation. The components of one liter medium were 25 g rice powder, 5 g molasses and 2.5 g yeast powder. Bacillus subtilis grew the best in the original medium without adjusting pH under 30 C. This antagonistic bacterium was suitable to survive among kaolin and its population density remained constantly without decline for nine months at least. Applying this biofungicide which was made from the combination of B. kaolin was significantly (p 0.05) effective to control chrysanthemum stem rot and improve the root development of chrysanthemum. These effects was expressed the same in sand, peat or vermiculite in greenhouse and in the fields. These beneficial effects for chrysanthemum rooting and growth were even better than the conventional chemicals (benomyl+0.1% NAA) which was used routinely by farmers. Adding 0.1% NAA to this biofungicide had no additive or synergistic effect to control disease or promote plant growth.

並列關鍵字

biocontrol ； biofungicide ； Bacillus subtilis Rhizoctonia solani ； chrysanthemum