香菇太空包堆肥抑制胡瓜猝倒病發生的特性

Characteristics for Inhibition of Cucumber Damping-off by Spent Forest Mushroom Compost

王佩瑾( P. C Wang) ； 黃振文( J. W Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 9卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 137-144

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200012_9(4).0002

摘要

利用四種香菇太空包生長基質與不同腐熟程度之香菇太空包堆肥栽培胡瓜幼苗，發現完熟的香菇太空包堆肥（Spent forest mushroom compost; SFMC）最適於胡瓜幼苗的生長，故本試驗選SFMC作為栽培胡瓜幼苗的介質。將胡瓜猝倒病菌Pythium aphanidermatum Pa104和 Pa105菌株以游走子懸浮液接種於 SFMC與荷蘭泥炭苔（Bas Van Burren No.4 peat moss; BVB）兩介質中，結果發現 SFMC 抑制胡瓜猝倒病發生的效果比 BVB優異。熱蒸汽（100°C，20 min）與高溫高壓（121°C，15lb，20 min）處理無法有效破壞 SFMC 抑制胡瓜猝病的功效。探討 SFMC 與 BVB 兩介質之水溶性浸出液對本菌兩菌株產生游走子的影響，結果發現 SFMC 水溶性浸出液較 BVB 浸出液具有抑制本菌產生游走子的效果。當 SFMC浸出液的 pH 值維持在7至9間，對本菌兩菌株之發芽管的抑制效果最為顯著。高溫高壓處理兩介質後抽取水溶性浸出液，或由介質抽取浸出液後經高溫高壓處理，皆可部份降低兩者水溶性浸出液抑制病原菌發芽管的生長，惟介質先經熱處理再抽取浸出液者，其抑制病原菌靜止子（encysted zoosproes）之發芽管生長的效果較為顯著。利用 SFMC 培育之胡瓜根、莖及子葉較 BVB 所培育者更具有抵抗 P. aphanidermatum 纏據的效果；惟兩者所培育之胡瓜根系經蒸餾水漂洗後，抗菌效果隨即下降，致使本菌纏植體的比率因而提高。SFMC 所培育之植株的根與莖比 BVB 所培育者含有較高量的過氧化酵素活性，惟由 SFMC 所培育之胡瓜子葉卻比 BVB 培育者含有較低的過氧化酵素活性。此外，由 SFMC 培育之胡瓜子葉含有 K、Ca、NH4+-N 和 NO3--N 的量均顯著較 BVB所培育者高。

關鍵字

胡瓜猝倒病菌 ； 農業廢棄物 ； 香菇太空包堆肥 ； 栽培介質 ； 抑菌介質

並列摘要

Of the four agriculture wastes tested, including spent forest mushroom compost (SFMC), raw growth medium for cultivation of forest mushroom (ROM), raw spent forest mushroom growth medium (RFM), and raw spent forest mushroom growth medium contaminated with other microorganisms (RFM (C)), SFMC was the best substrate for the growth of cucumber seedlings. Inoculation method of zoospore suspension was used to assess the effect of SFMC and Bas Van Burren No.4 peat moss (BVB) on damping-off incidence of cucumber seedlings. Results showed that the former was more effective in suppressing damping-off of cucumber seedlings caused by Pythium aphanidermatum isolates Pa104 and Pa105 than the later. The suppressive effect of SFMC medium on infection of cucumber seedlings by the same pathogen was not markedly reduced after it was steamed with hot-air at 100°C for 20 min. or autoclaved at 121°C, 15lb, for 20 min. The filtrate of water-extracted from SFMC could reduce production of zoospores by the pathogen as compared with BVB's filtrate. When pH values of SFMC's filtrate were adjusted at seven to nine, it showed stronger suppression to germ tube growth of encysted zoospores. The inhibitory effect of filtrate from SFMC medium was partially nullified after it was steamed or autoclaved. Root, stems, and cotylendons of cucumber seedlings, which were grown in SFMC medium, were more resistant to be colonized by the pathogen than those grown in BVB medium. Meanwhile, the peroxidase activity and components including K, Ca, Mg, NO3--N and NH4+-N in root and stem of cucumber seedlings grown in SFMC medium were significantly higher than those in BVB medium.

並列關鍵字

Agriculture wastes ； cucumber damping-off ； culture medium ； disease- suppressive medium ； spent forest mushroom compost