無病毒豇豆種子之研發、推廣與展望

Research Development, Extension and Prospects of Applying Virus-free Seeds for the Control of Virus Diseases of Asparagus Beans in Taiwan

張清安( C. A Chang) ； 陳金枝( C. C Chen) ； 楊佐琦( T. T Yang) ； 詹竹明( T. M Tsan)

《植物病理學會刊》 11卷3期 (2002/09) Pp. 107-111

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200209_11(3).0001

摘要

豇豆Vigna unguiculata (L.)Wap.subsp.sesquipedalis(L)Cverde.】為台灣夏季重要之豆類蔬菜。栽過程中極易罹患病毒病而影響豆莢之產量與品質。黑眼豇豆嵌紋病（Blackeye cowpea mosaicvirus, BICMV)及胡瓜嵌紋病毒(Cucumber mosaiv virus,CMV)是危害台灣矼豆之二種最主要病毒。感病植株分子會帶有病毒，發芽後即成為田間初次感染源，再經人員操作及蟲媒介即可造成病害之流行，進影響植株之生長與結莢。農試所過去由矼豆品系『三尺青皮』之植株中以BICMV及CMV之抗血清篩選出無病毒單株，再栽培於網室中採收種子而成病毒原原種。嗣後由種苗繁殖改良場續以田間網室大量採種供農民栽培。以此模式所生產之種子經抗血清檢定證實不再帶有上述二病毒。所生產之無病毒種子共進行四次田間栽培比較試驗，結果發現，栽植農民自行保留之帶病毒種子試區，於採收末期其毒病發病均已達到100％，而栽植無病毒豇豆種子試區之病毒病發率僅為30－72％，顯示具有明顯延遲病毒發生之效。各無病毒種子試區之產量不僅較對照試區提高，而且所生產之豆莢平均莢重及長度也有顯著增加。無病毒豇豆種子於1993年起正式在當時之省政府農林廳經費補助下，開始於全省幾個重要豇豆產區推廣種植，由於減輕及延遲病毒病發生之效果顯著，除產量品質與收益有顯著提升外，該豇豆品系之園藝性也受到農民之認同與肯定，因此無毒豇豆種子呈供不應求之現象。各地需求量日益增加，截至2001年，推廣豇豆面種總計824公頃，共供應4944公斤之無病種子。本文除介紹過去此豇豆無病毒種子之研發與推廣過程外，並對其成功之因素加以檢討，另外也針對豇豆病毒之防治，提出現階段所面臨之問題與未來需進一步努力之方向。

關鍵字

豇豆 ； 病毒病 ； 種子帶毒 ； 無病毒種子

並列摘要

Asparagus be an [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Ssp. Sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.] is an important legume vegetable in Taiwan especially in hot and wet summer months. Virus disease has been recognized as one of the limiting factors for asparagus bean production on this island. There are two viruses, i.. Cucumber mosaic virus (CM V) and Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV) reported as the two major viruses occurring in asparagus beans in Taiwan. Dual infection of CMV and BICMV in asparagus bean plants can stimulate a synergistic effect that results higher accumulation of virus concentration in host tissue and eventually develops stronger symptoms than those of singly infected plants. Both viruses are seed-borne and can be transmitted by mechanical injury and by aphid vectors with non-persistent manner. In general, the seed-borne percentage of BICMV in seeds collected from infected asparagus bean plants is about 10%, while that for CMV is lower. Experience accumulated in the past indicates that the seed-borne BICMV inoculum is the key factor for the epidemic of the disease. Therefore, in 1980 a research project was organized in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in attempt to produce virus-free asparagus bean seeds and to test its feasibility to contral asparagus bean virus disease. An asparagus be an cultivar “San-Tse-ChinPi” was seleeted for the production of virus-free seeds because its horticultural characteristics. In cooperation with Taiwan seed improvement and propagation station, a large-scaled seed production system was subsequently developed in 199 \. In 1991-1992 the research team conducted four field trials in different areas to test the effect of virus-free seeds in reducing the virus disease epidemics. The results indicated that the application not only significantly delayed the disease epidemic but also increased the yield and quality of bean pods and in turns improved the profit of the growers. In the field experiments, as low as 30-72% of final virus incidences was recorded in those fields planting with virus-free seeds comparing with 100% of infection in those fields planting with commercial seed lots. Since 1993, planting of virus-free seeds has been routinely implemented in the integrated pest control program of asparagus bean in various production areas in Taiwan. Because of the consistent and significant control effect, the virus-free asparagus bean seeds asparagus bean fields in Taiwan ever planting with virus-free seeds is about 824 hectares in which consume a total of 4944 kg virus-free seeds produced by this program.

並列關鍵字

asparagus bean ； virus ； virus-free seed ； control