台灣地區番茄黃化捲葉病之調查及其對六個品種番茄生長之影響

Survey of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease and Its Effects on the Growth of Six Tomato Varieties in Taiwan

林彥仁( Y. J Lin) ； 陳滄海( T. H Chen) ； 賴傅永( P. Y Lai)

《植物病理學會刊》 12卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 109-121

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200306_12(2).0006

摘要

番茄黃化捲葉病係由粉蝨傳播的雙生病毒所引起，乃世界上番茄生產之重要限制因子。本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區番茄黃化捲葉病之發生及其對番茄生長之影響，以作為田間流行病研究及病害防治的參考。本研究首先以目視病徵法於治灣10個重要番茄栽培縣，進行黃化捲葉病田間罹病率調查，隨後逢機採集罹病株之葉片以醇素連結抗體法（Enzyme-linked lmmunosobent Assay, ELISA)做雙生病毒(Geminivirus)檢側，再配合電子顯微鏡觀察病毒粒子及罹病植株細胞內病變情形。調查結果顯示台灣地區番茄約有17%罹染番茄黃化捲葉病，其中以高雄縣之34%最嚴重，南投縣之2%最輕微；分析結果顯示不同期作及不同栽培地區對田間目視罹病率、ELISA檢測及實際罹患番茄黃化捲葉病等結果，都有極顯著的影響。電子顯微鏡觀察，可以在罹病番茄葉片組織內發現雙生病毒粒子；而在罹病番茄葉片的軔皮細胞中可以觀察到細胞核核仁異常腫大，且內含病變的纖維環(fibrillar ring)、顆粒內含體(granular inclusion)等現象。網室內，不同生長期接種雙生病毒對番茄在病徵初次出現所需日數之影響，因品種不同差異頗大；接種病毒日數多寡對大部分番茄品種在病徵初次出現所需日數之影響，因品種不同差異頗大；接種毒日數多寡對大部分番茄品種在病徵初次出現之日數影響不大；不同生長期接種病毒對番茄罹病率之影響，因品種不同略有差異；接種病毒時間長短（日數多寡）對番茄罹病率完全沒有影響。田間不同品種番茄罹染雙生病毒對病徵初次出現所需平均日數，並無顯著影響，而不同生育期番茄罹染病毒對病徵初次出現之平均日數卻有極顯著影響；相同田間定置期，感染病毒與否對各品種番茄之始花期均無顯著影響，而不同田間定置期對各品種番茄之始花期則均有極顯著影響；聖女品種番茄之株高在移植後44, 51,58天等生育期受病毒感染與否之影響極顯著，但移植後66天受病毒感染與否之影響不顯著；農友301品種番茄之株高在移植後51天受病毒感染與否之影響顯著，但移植後 44,58,66天受病毒感染與否之影響不顯著；西施、亞蔬33號及亞蔬6號三個品種番茄之株高在移植後44,51,58,66天受病毒感染與否之影響均不顯著。

關鍵字

番茄黃化捲葉病 ； 番茄黃化捲葉病毒 ； 番茄捲葉病毒 ； 病害調查 ； 生長影響

並列摘要

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease caused by whitefly-transmitted geminivirus is a serious production constraint of tomato worldwide. The objective of this research is to study the disease incidence and the influence of tomato yellow leaf curl disease on tomato growth in Taiwan. Results of this study could be used as reference for epidemic study and disease control in the field. Field symptom visual inspection was conducted first to estimate the incidence of the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in the field. The areas inspected included ten major tomato-growing counties in Taiwan. Then leaves were collected from TYLCD tomato plants in the field, and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the laboratory for serological detection of geminiviruses. Finally, transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe geminivirus particles and the cellular changes of infected plants to identify viral agents in those TYLCD plants. The survey indicates that an incidence of about 17% of tomato crop showed yellow leaf curl symptom in Taiwan. Kaohsiung county was the worst, having 34% disease incidence. Nantou county had the least incidence of 2%. The disease incidence of field survey, as well as the EUSA and actual Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-suspect (TYLCV-suspect) infection in the field were significantly affected by two tomato planting factors, different crop season and different area. Particles of geminivirus occurred in the leaf tissue, and cytopathological changes in phloem cells of tomato leaf infected by TYLCY-suspest were observed by TEM. The changes included nucleolus hypertrophy, segregation of nucleolar material into granular and fibrillar ring. In the greenhouse, among six tomato varieties tested, the influence of geminivirus inoculation stage on the days of first symptom appearance were significantly different however there was no difference in the days of the first symptom appearance among the varieties irrespective 'of the duration of inoculation. The influence of virus inoculation stage on the rate of virus infection showed some differeces, and there was no differece whether increasing inoculation days. In field test, the influence of virus inoculation stage on the days of first symptom appearance was significantly different, but was not different among tomato varieties. It was not significantly different among tomato varieties on days to flowering treated at the same day that tomato plants moved to field post transplant, but was significantly. different treated at the different day. For Santa variety, the influence of geminivirus infection on plant height was significantly different in 44, 51 and 58 days post tomato transplant, but was not different in 66 days. For Fanners 30 I variety, the influence of geminivirus infection on plant height was sinificantly different in 51 days post tomato transplant, but was not different in 44, 58 and 66 days. For three tomato varieties, namely Faminine Beauty, A VRDC6 and A VRDC33, there were no difference on plant height affected by geminivirus infection observed in 44,51,58 and 66 days post tomato transplant.

並列關鍵字

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease ； Tomato yellow leaf curl virus ； Tomato leaf curl virus ； disease survey ； disease effect on growth