Antimicrobial Activity of Edible Mushroom Culture Filtrates on Plant Pathogens

食用菇培養濾液對植物病原菌的抗菌活性

陳錦桐(Jin-Tong Chen) ； 黃振文(Jenn-Wen Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 19卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 261-270

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201012_19(4).0005

摘要

評估食用菇類27個菌株之培養濾液的抗植物病原菌活性，香菇（Lentinula edodes）與紫丁香蘑 （Clitocybe nuda）菌株之培養濾液可完全地抑制白菜炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum higginsianum）的孢子發芽，而靈芝（Ganoderma lucidium）、香菇與紫丁香蘑菌株的培養濾液具有完全抑制白菜黑斑病菌（Alternaria brassicicola）孢子發芽的功效；紫丁香蘑、雞腿蘑（Coprinus comatus）、香菇及金耳（Tremella aurantialba）等四個菌株培養濾液可完全抑制番椒疫病菌（Phytophthora capsici）的游走孢子發芽，所有培養濾液中只有紫丁香蘑具有中度抑制萵苣萎凋病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae）的分生孢子發芽的效果，其餘皆無效。以濾紙圓片法測試對植物病原細菌的抑制效果，發現有18個食用菌培養濾液具有抑制效果，有四個菌株培養液可顯著抑制細菌性果斑病菌（Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli）的細胞增殖；柳松菇菌（Agrocybe cylindracea）培養濾液也具抑制海芋軟腐細菌（Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum）效果；舞菇（Grifola frondosa）、柳松菇與香菇的培養濾液則可抑制蓮霧青枯病菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）；有6個菌株的培養濾液可抑制水稻白葉枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）的生長；有13個菌株的培養濾液可抑制十字花科黑腐病菌（X. campestris pv. campestris）和茄科細菌性斑點病菌（X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria）。惟前述所有培養濾液均無法有效抑制 C. higginsianum、F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae、Rhizoctonia solani及Pythium aphanidermatium等菌之菌絲生長。由溫室試驗的結果發現噴佈紫丁香蘑與雞腿菇菌株的培養濾液，可有效降低番椒疫病的罹病度。綜合本研究的初步成果，證明食用菇類的培養濾液具有研發成為植物保護製劑的潛力。

關鍵字

抗菌活性 ； 培養濾液 ； 食用菇類 ； 紫丁香蘑 ； 植物病原菌 ； 番椒疫病菌（Phytophthora capsici）

並列摘要

The culture filtrates of 27 edible mushrooms were screened for antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogens. The culture filtrates of Lentinula edodes and Clitocybe nuda were able to completely inhibit spore germination of Colletotrichum higginsianum. Three culture filtrates contained substances that had the capacity to completely inhibit spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola were Ganoderma lucidum, L. edodes and C. nuda. The culture filtrates of Coprinus comatus, L. edodes, Tremella aurantialba and C. nuda showed complete suppression of spore germination of Phytophthora capsici. Only the culture filtrate of C. nuda moderately inhibited spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. The paper-disc agar-diffusion method was used to test the effect of the 27 culture filtrates from the 14 species of edible mushrooms examined, 18 culture filtrates inhibited the growth of bacteria. Four culture filtrates strongly inhibited the growth of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Only the culture filtrate of Agrocybe cylindracea showed a clear inhibition zone against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The culture filtrates of A. cylindracea, Grifola frondosa and L. edodes showed various sizes of growth inhibition zones against Ralstonia solanacearum. Six culture filtrates inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, 2 culture filtrates inhibited the growth of Erwinia chrysanthemi, and 13 culture filtrates inhibited X. campestris pv. campestris and X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. None of the culture filtrates was able to inhibit mycelial growth of C. higginsianum, R. solani, P. aphanidermatum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. The culture filtrates of C. nuda and C. comatus effectively reduced the disease severity of Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by P. capsici. These results suggest that substances from edible mushrooms have the potential to be developed into biocontrol agents for the control of plant diseases.

並列關鍵字

antimicrobial activity ； culture filtrate ； Clitocybe nuda ； plant pathogen ； Phytophthora capsici