研製甘藍黃葉病之抑病栽培介質

莊茗凱(M. K. Chuang) ； 黃振文(J. W. Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 23卷3&4期 (2014/09) Pp. 247-261

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201409_23(3_4).0002

摘要

本研究主要目的在於利用香菇太空包堆肥調配適於甘藍幼苗發育且兼具有抑制甘藍黃葉病（由Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans引起）的栽培介質。首先以香菇太空包堆肥的水萃取液測試對於甘藍黃葉病原菌FOC-JR01及FOC-YL08菌株的分生孢子發芽的影響，結果顯示其對兩菌株孢子的發芽抑制率分別為26%及11%。隨後在荷蘭BVB No. 4泥炭苔栽培介質中加入香菇太空包堆肥的濃度超過50%（V/V）時，不利於甘藍幼苗的生長；惟若以香菇太空包堆肥與泥炭苔以1:1（V/V）比例組合成的SFMC50栽培介質，則可使甘藍幼苗的鮮重與乾重表現最為優異；此外將甘藍種植於含有黃葉病菌菌量10^4 cfu/ml的SFMC50中，可使甘藍幼苗的發病率較對照組低17%，也可以使甘藍黃葉病菌的存活率明顯較對照組減少20%。在SFMC50混拌入2%（W/V）牛血粉或蝦蟹殼粉，在28℃環境下7天後，對病原菌的生長抑制率分別達100%或39%。在SFMC50中分別均勻混拌10^6 cfu/ml的生物防治菌株AU-001、JU-019、JU-020、CHT-2402或NP-01，結果發現它們和未處理之對照組相比可以使甘藍黃葉病的發生率降低60%以上。將拮抗微生物之16S rDNA序列與NCBI基因資料庫作比對，發現具有防治潛力的菌株AU-001屬於Bacillus licheniformis，JU-019及JU-020皆屬於B. subtilis，而CHT-2402及NP-01則是屬於B. mycoides。綜合前述成果，本研究成功研發出兩種抑制甘藍黃葉病的栽培介質，其一為SFMC50和0.75%（W/V）蝦蟹殼粉均勻混合後接種JU-020，製成SFMC50-S20栽培介質，和對照組相比可以有效抑制甘藍幼苗發病率達76%；其二則是SFMC50和0.25%（W/V）牛血粉均勻混合並接種JU-019，製成SFMC50-B19栽培介質，和對照組相比可以有效抑制甘藍幼苗發病率達85%。

關鍵字

香菇太空包堆肥 ； 抑病栽培介質 ； 枯草桿菌 ； 蝦蟹殼粉 ； 牛血粉 ； 甘藍黃葉病

並列摘要

The objective of the study was to develop a bio-formulated cultural medium from spent forest mushroom compost (SFMC) amended with beneficial bacteria and organic materials for control of cabbage yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Wollenweb.) Snyder and Hansen. The water extract of SFMC could inhibit 11%-26% of conidial germination of the pathogen. Nine cultural media prepared from the spent forest mushroom compost (SFMC) mixed with different ratio of BVB No. 4 peat moss were tested for their efficacy on supporting the growth of cabbage seedlings. SFMC50 cultural medium consisted of spent forest mushroom compost and BVB No. 4 peat moss at the volume ratio of 1:1 was much more suitable for the growth of cabbage seedlings, and it could also reduce 17% disease incidence of cabbage yellows compared to BVB No. 4 peat moss as a control. Amendment of SFMC50 with 2% (W/V) blood meal (BLM) or shrimp and crab shell powder (SCSP) reduced respectively 100% or 39% population densities of the pathogen for 7 days at 28℃ in the growth chamber. SFMC50 mixed with various bacterial strains, i.e. AU-001, JU-019, JU-020, CHT-2402, or NP-01, was more effective in reducing the disease incidence of cabbage yellows more than 60%. The sequences of 16S rDNA from these antagonistic bacteria were compared by BLAST for identification. Results indicated that AU-001 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis, JU-019 and JU-020 were B. subtilis, CHT-2402 and NP-01 were B. mycoides. The SFMC50-S20 cultural medium was formulated with SFMC50, 0.75% (W/V) SCSP and cell suspension of B. subtilis JU-020. The SFMC-S20 was very effective in reducing 76% disease incidence of cabbage seedlings compared to SFMC50 as a control. In addition, the SFMC50-B19 cultural medium was also formulated with SFMC50, 0.25% (W/V) BLM, and cell suspension of JU-019. The SFMC50-B19 was very effective in reducing 85% disease incidence of cabbage seedlings compared to SFMC50 as a control.

並列關鍵字

Spent mushroom compost ； Disease suppressive cultural medium ； Bacillus ； Shrimp and crab shell powder ； Blood meal ； Cabbage yellows