輕質骨材、綠建材發展探討台灣窯業去從

Where the Brick-Making Industry in Taiwan to go under the Development of Lightweight Aggregates/Green Building Materials?

謝國正(Kuo-Cheng Hsieh)

《臺灣鑛業》 61卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 13-23

https://doi.org/10.30014/TMI.200909.0003

摘要

近來國際原油上漲，全球暖化加劇，節能減碳議題已成為全球關注焦點，各種節能材料及新能源之相關研究紛紛興起，如何降低資源消耗及新能源開發研究已是目前世界各國重視課題。輕質骨材（陶粒）因具有質輕、隔音、隔熱等優良性能，除可以替代部分砂石成為高級骨材之一外，與水泥混拌製成輕質混凝土，對於土木營建，如高層建築及長跨距之橋樑等，已有相當多成功應用實例。台灣發展輕質骨材相較於歐美及中國、日本等國家起步較晚，發展多止於實驗室階段，目前尚未有商業化之量產。經實驗證實，台灣黏土、頁岩等資源賦存豐富，亦有可製作輕質骨材（陶粒）潛力。台灣建築之外牆或隔間除混凝土外，使用材料仍以傳統之紅磚為主要建材，由於環保要求及各項法規趨於嚴格，使磚瓦用土取得日趨困難，磚瓦業者陳情政府協助解決困難。有鑑於此，台灣政府於2005-2007年分區規劃磚瓦窯業用土取土區以解決業者取土問題。經調查，許多地區地層之黏土頁岩，經化學、礦物及物性分析，可供作磚瓦原料優良用土，同時亦發現該地區土質亦具有燒製輕質骨材（陶粒）潛力。尋求品質優良礦區將是發展輕質骨材品質保證。利用下水道污泥及水庫淤泥其原料成分複雜，如製作品質均一之輕質骨材，必須對原料進行均化之處理程序必要時加入添加劑物以達所需功能，因而造成處理成本及時程增加。如將提供製作紅磚原料之窯業用土資源規劃區，轉為提供作為生產製造輕質骨材（陶粒）之用土原料並配合水泥拌製輕質磚、輕質混凝土，以替代傳統耗能紅磚、常重混凝土，是屬創新作法，亦符合環保節能。如再配合政府對於綠建材、綠建築及節能標章推動政策及策略，不僅迎合潮流，亦可達到磚瓦窯業產業升級，使原屬夕陽工業之磚窯業得以轉型，展露ㄧ線生機。

關鍵字

輕質骨材 ； 綠建材 ； 窯業 ； 陶粒

並列摘要

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the international crude oil prices and the global warming, the issues of reduction of carbon dioxide emission and energy conservation becomes the focus of the whole world. Many energy-saving materials and the researches related green energy are getting more and more. How to reduce resources consumption and develop green energy are the two major issues in the world.Because of the high performances including lightweight, sound-insulated, heat insulation, lightweight aggregates (LWA) may replace normal aggregates in concrete or mortar either partially or fully depending upon the requirements of density and strength levels. Lightweight concrete has many successful applications, for example, the high-rise construction and the long span bridge and so on.The building materials of construction in Taiwan, except concrete and wood, are mainly red bricks. Due to the regulation of environmental protection is getting rigid; it is hard to find a mining site that provides soil to produce bricks. People asked government to solve soil resource problem and government started to plan the mining sites in 2005~2007. According to the result of the experiment analysis, it's found that the clay and shale in Taiwan is not only a good material for producing bricks but also for producing lightweight aggregates.Seeking a good quality raw material is the guarantee of making the high quality lightweight aggregates. The components of reservoir silt and sewage sludge are complex. For manufacturing high quality lightweight aggregate, the reservoir silt and sewage sludge must be taken to uniform process and adding some ingredients to improve function. With these extra processes, the cost of pre-treatment is high and it needs time to process. If the soil used by the brick-making industry can convert to the lightweight aggregate industry, it is an innovative approach and can achieve energy conservation. Following the government policies including green building material, green construction and promotion of energy saving, it can upgrade the brick-making industry and creates an opportunity to a new industry.

並列關鍵字

lightweight aggregate ； green building material ； brick industry ； ceramsite