廢冰箱泡棉之觸媒裂解資源化技術之研發

Development for Resource Recovery of Polyurethane Foams from Waste Refrigerators Using Catalytic Pyrolysis

林錕松(Kuen-Song Lin) ； 盧威(Wei Lu) ； 洪琬婷(Wan-Ting Hong) ； 凃牧廷(Mu-Tin Tu)

《臺灣鑛業》 62卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 59-67

https://doi.org/10.30014/TMI.201012.0007

摘要

台灣地區目前每年約產生50萬台廢冰箱，相當於產生7,500噸硬質PU泡棉廢棄物。若能進行回收資源化處理，不但可紓解能源壓力，亦能減輕垃圾焚化爐或掩埋場之負荷及延長使用壽命。因此，本研究主要目的是利用加熱降解方式來資源化處理廢棄冰箱中之硬質PU泡棉廢棄物，並添加不同比例之化學反應劑及氧化金屬觸媒粉末，在定溫及常壓下進行降解反應。實驗中使用之反應劑為磷酸三乙酯，添加之氧化金屬分別為CeO2、Fe2O3、NiO、CuO及ZnO等5種，反應溫度453～473K。經由-NCOO-轉化率（FTIR）之測定結果後發現反應溫度＝473K，TEP／PU＝2，Cat.／PU＝1／5為最佳之反應條件；氧化金屬觸媒NiO對於硬質PU泡棉廢棄物之催化性降解效率有最好之提升效果，其次為CeO2、Fe2O3、CuO，ZnO提升效率最低。由FE-SEM及XRD圖譜可知經過催化性降解反應後的ZnO或NiO，仍然可以保有原來之基本性質，經過高溫之後，晶型也不會因此變差。另外，以延伸細微結構X光吸收光譜（EXAFS）及X光吸收邊緣結構（XANES）光譜參與反應過後之NiO及ZnO觸媒之第一層原子為Ni-O及Zn-O之鍵結，鍵長分別為1.98及1.94Å，配位數分別為4.02與3.82，可以推測氧化金屬觸媒之氧化價數及反應活性並無明顯改變。

關鍵字

硬質PU泡棉廢棄物 ； 氧化金屬觸媒 ； 資源回收 ； 同步輻射光譜

並列摘要

At present, over 0.5 million tons per year of waste refrigerators or 7.5 thousands of waste rigid polyurethane (PU) forms (WRPFs) are to be disposed in Taiwan. Only landfill of the WRPFs is practiced on a large scale, and its cost is rising rapidly or the acceptance of this method is decreasing. Therefore, the main objectives of the present work were to resource recycle the WRPFs degradation into the raw materials of PU or primary petrochemicals by chemical conversion of triethyl phosphate (TEP) and metal oxides catalysts (CeO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO or ZnO) under moderate temperatures of 453, 463 or 473K and ambient pressure. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of -NCOO- conversion, the optimal experimental conditions of WRPFs degradation were confirmed at 473 K, TEP/PU=2, and Cat./PU=1/5. Therefore, the catalytic enhancement of metal oxides were NiO＞CeO2＞Fe2O3＞CuO＞ZnO in series. The little change of the fresh and used CeO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, and ZnO was also observed by using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray powder diffractometer (XRPD). The EXAFS and XANES spectra revealed that the fine structures of NiO and ZnO species were Ni-O and Zn-O of the bond distances primarily were 1.98 and 1.94±0.02 Å, respectively with the coordination numbers were 4.02 and 3.82±0.05, respectively. However, these results might offer a further explanation of the chemical structures of NiO and ZnO catalysts remained the catalytic activities during the WRPFs degradation by chemical conversion of TEP under moderate temperatures and ambient pressure.

並列關鍵字

Waste rigid PU foam ； Metal oxide catalyst ； Resource recycling ； EXAFS/XANES