運用資料包絡與灰關聯分析法於電子標籤揀貨績效之衡量

現代企業的競爭是供應鏈與供應鏈之間的競爭，而物流中心揀貨績效在供應鏈績效中扮演非常重要的角色。為追求揀貨作業品質與效率，電子標籤揀貨已日漸被重視使用，惟目前相關評估績效之文獻不多。本研究以T物流公司實際之營運數據進行電子標籤揀貨績效之衡量。首先，透過專家訪談，找出影響揀貨作業績效之決策因素。運用層級分析法，對各評估指標間的相對權重作成對比較，建立比較矩陣，並計算其特徵值及優先向量，由最大特徵向量進行一致性檢定後，得到各評估準則間相對權重的大小。層級分析之結果除可篩選出影響電子標籤揀貨績效的重要因子，並可提供後續績效分析之基礎。其中，層級分析法所篩選之重要因素運用於資料包絡分析法，可決定其投入與產出之參數，而灰關聯分析的配合層級分析法所得之權重亦可進行績效分析。經實際個案驗證，兩種方法各可提供不同的決策訊息，而以兩種方法所分析績效之結果非常一致，其中，灰關聯分析法可提供比資料包絡分析法在排序方面更多的資訊。經本研究所研提之分析架構，業者可瞭解揀貨績效高低之主要原因所在，藉分析數據回溯績效不佳月份之管理狀況，可對症下藥提出明確的改進方針。本研究所採用之分析模式可確實應用於物流中心電子標籤揀貨績效評估之用，其分析結果亦可提供物流中心管理者擬定揀貨策略之參考。

關鍵字

電子標籤揀貨；分析層級程序法；資料包絡分析法；灰關聯分析法

並列摘要

Order picking process is a challenging task in the whole distribution activity since it is a very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, how to utilize advanced picking technology and equipment to improve the efficiency and accuracy are always the major efforts of the industry. The CAPS (Computer aided picking system) can automatically and quickly guides order pickers to the pick locations, and shows the exact numbers of items to be picked, and therefore can effectively improve the picking productivity by 50% or more. In this study, the performance of a CAPS system of a distribution center in Taiwan is evaluated. We first conduct an AHP to examine the weighting of these factors which are of great importance to the performance of the CAPS. Among these factors, the picking strategy is the most important one, the second is facility utilization rate, and effectiveness of manpower presents is the less important. Based on the results obtained from AHP, we apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) to evaluate the operating efficiencies of the CAPS, respectively. The computation results show a perfect consistency between these two models. Finally, managerial implications based on the analytical results are also provided.

並列關鍵字

computer aided picking system ； analytical hierarchical process ； data envelopment analysis ； grey relational analysis

參考文獻

景文麟，2006，物流中心播種式揀貨系統之揀貨的研究，國立中央大學工業管理研究所碩士學位論文，桃園，臺灣。

劉忠政，2007，播種式揀貨系統之規劃，國立中央大學工業管理研究所碩士論文，桃園，臺灣。

Andersen, P. and Petersen, N. C., 1993, A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis, Management Science, 39(10), 1261-1264. doi:10.1287/mnsc.39.10.1261

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Brynzer. H. and Johansson. M. I., 1996, Storage location assignment: using the product structure to reduce order picking times, International Journal of Production Economics, 46-47, 595-603. doi:10.1016/0925-5273(94)00091-3

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運用資料包絡與灰關聯分析法於電子標籤揀貨績效之衡量

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