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仲裁與爭議解決之代替方案
Arbitration and Alternative Disputes Resolution
摘要
近年邇來，仲裁已成為人們鍾愛方式，以解決國際貿易或國際工程衍生之爭端，在此二領城中，無論正式或非正式之仲裁手段，均廣為當事人援用以解決紛爭。為疏解訟源提供了有效的代替方案，無論在國際或國內之業界，仲裁方式均普為肯定，廣受歡迎。然而仲裁亦難免有其缺點，其最著者即為程序上之延誤，當初之所以採仲裁以代訴訟，乃嚮往其程序上較為迅速之優點，經常延誤之仲裁期同，導致所有循仲裁程序解紛者倒足胃口。故國際間又發展出仲裁代替方案（ADR程序），以彌補仲裁制度之缺失。本文爰就現行仲裁之缺點，加以簡要分析，並探討國際商務仲裁和國際工程仲裁之新的發展趨勢－仲裁代替方案。再者，一個有效的仲裁代替方案必須同時兼具迅速及專業之機能，實務上有多種ADR類型，其間差異，有時未逮予以明確釐清，今勉為區分成下述十種類群：（1）和解（2）調解與調停（3）迷你法庭（4）法定強制仲裁（5）非拘束性之美國公共援助中心程序（6）爭議審查委員會（7）顧問（協調人）制度（8）技術性專家鑑定制度（9）情事變更之契約改定程序（10）急迫性之仲裁人預審程序其中有些程序係鼓勵當事人叫協議解決爭端，有些程序係由第三人以裁定解決爭端，文中除（9）（10）兩項係屬後者，其餘均由當事人自主或由雙方協議解決，或依第三人裁定解決。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Over recent years, arbitration is becoming the prefered meas of resolving international business or construction disputes. In the international commercial field and international construction field, arbitration is widely used, formally and in formally, particularly incontract parties. It offers a valuable and efficient alternative to the judicial resolution of disputes as an extremely popular, and useful means, arbitration has been fully accepted in both a domestic and an international commercial and construction context.However, negative elements are certainly not missing from the practising of arbitration law. It is submitted that one of the greatest faults of arbitration is the excessive duration of the proceedings. When its asserted rapidity is presented as its main attraction, its effective duration of the bitterly disappoints anyone seeking justice through arbitration this article also mentions other negative features of arbitration and makes a brief analysis of the new development and reform approach or in the international commercial as well as construction arbitration. An efaective alternative disputes resolution of arbitration must present both speed and expertise at the same time.A number of ADR options are available in current practice these are loosely divided into the following ten groups althogh, as we shall see in this article, the distinctions between them are not always clear: (1) settlement(2) concilitaion and meditation(3) mini-trial of in vitro trials(4) cumpulsory arbitration or statutory arbitration(5) non-binding alternative disputes reso ution(6) dispute review board(7) disputes adviser or ivtervener(8) rechnical expert appraisal mechanism(9) adaptation of contract procedure(10) pre-arbitral referee proceduresome of these options encourage the pareties to agree upon a resolution of the dispute where as Others provide for determination by a third party except (9) and (10) belong to the second category, others may belong to the second category or to the first category, depending on the par ties' choice.