員工協助方案在臺灣實施的過去、現在與未來：兼論國軍推動EAPs的可行做法

The Practice of Employee Assistance Programs in Taiwan: With A Discussion in Promotion in the Military

朱春林(Juno Chun-Lin Ju)

《國防管理學報》 34卷2期 (2013/11) Pp. 39-62

摘要

職場健康心理學雖是新興整合學科，卻包含了已實施了五十年左右的員工協助方案及其中的員工諮商。本研究旨在檢視EAPs在臺灣發展至今的狀況與再定位，除敘及EAPs在源起國（美國）及本國與情境脈絡相對應之發展歷史與相關學理基礎外，並分析EAPs建置方式在提供服務時之優缺點，亦比較EAPs的實施在兩國之普及率、員工求助的問題類別、與方案效益評估等，最後為EAPs在國內的繼續發展提出建言；因為研究軍隊EAPs者不多，同時兼論國軍推動EAPs的可行做法。本研究運用系統分析法、文獻分析法、與焦點團體法蒐集、整合並分析源起國與臺灣有關員工協助方案之理論、實施方式、實施成效、未來實施建議等。本研究發現實施員工協助方案被視為是好的管理手法，並對員工有正向助益，但在實際執行層面遭遇諸多困難，例如高階主管不積極支持與績效表現不易，以致普及率與利用率不高等。本研究據此針對其未來發展提出政策及專業層面之建議，包括高階主管心態改變與相關制度的修正，以助順利推展員工協助方案，建立員工協助方案專業化服務之趨勢。員工諮商服務在軍隊已具規模，而在組織目標與專業目標間做清楚切割、心理諮商服務組織的重新定位、運用專業具證照人員等均為推展員工協助方案的可行方向。

關鍵字

職場健康心理學 ； 員工協助方案 ； 員工諮商 ； 軍隊員工諮商

並列摘要

Occupational health psychology is an emerging multidisciplinary subject, included emplaoyee assistance programs (EAPs) and its empoloyee counseling has been developed for about fifty years. This study aims to examine the theories, progress routes, and current developmental conditions of EAPs in the USA, the original country; followed by its evolutional paths and status quo in Taiwan, R.O.C. Finally, the researcher advances the propositions on the further development of EAPs in Taiwan. Concurrently, the same issues in the military are discussed due to the bew relative studies. Systems approach and literature analysis are used to systematically examine, compare, and analyze EAPs-related published literature and research in terms of its theories, practice, and development in the USA and Taiwan. Focus group is conducted to deepen the understanding of development of EAPs in Taiwan. The results show that the EAPs are helpful in management and which brings positive influence in employees. Nevertheless it encountered many barriers in getting the EAPs moving, such as lack of strong management endosement and unapparant performance of EAPs, which lead to the low EAPs prevalence and utilization. Consequently, the propositions on the EAPs successive development in Taiwan are proposed. Obtaining strong and wholehearted support from the top-level management and changing the mindset toward psychological difficulties of ordinary people are the critical issues. Several other key elements were discussed. Employee counseling in the military has established comprehensive and feasible model, however clear-cut boundary between goals of organization and counseling, reorganization of the counseling service systems, and employment of licensed professionals are goals of EAPs promotion in the military.

並列關鍵字

occupational health psychology (OHP) ； employee assistance programs (EAPs) ； employee counseling ； employee counseling in the military