生物界面活性劑之製備及其對碳氫化合物乳化分散能力之研究

利用選擇性培養基自一燃料油污染場址土壤中篩選出六株界面活性劑生產菌(SF1 - SF6)。界面活性劑生產菌Bacillus sp. SF4所生產之界面活性劑降低表面張力效果最好（使培養基表面張力由70mN/m降低至28mN/m），其臨界微胞濃度為20mg/L。Bacillus sp. SF4生產生物界面活性劑之最適培養基組成為Glucose 4.5%、NH4NO3 0.4%、KH2PO4 30mM、Na2HPO4 30mM、MgSO4．7H2O 1.5mM、FeSO4．7H2O 1.0mM、ZnSO4．7H2o 0.001mM、CaCl2．2H2O 0.001mM、MnSO4．5H2O 0.01mM，pH7.0。利用酸沈澱法及有機溶劑萃取可有效純化此生物界面活性劑。目前以5公升高醱酵槽做小量生產，72小時後產量達1.5g/L。回收純化之界面活性劑製成粉末後，依適當比例添加於植物性擔體製成生物性清潔劑。在乳化力測試方面，劑量10mg/L之生物性清潔劑可使許多油品達穩定之乳化狀態。此外，在pH2－pH10、高溫及高鹽度條件下亦能保持穩定之乳化能力。此低毒性之生物性清潔劑未來可應用於處理油汙染之生物復育。

關鍵字

生物界面活性劑；醱酵生技；乳化力；生物性清潔劑

並列摘要

Six strains (SF1-SF6) of fuel oil-utilizing bacteria from hydrocarbon contaminated soil could decrease the surface tension of water from 70 to 40 mN/m or less. The best biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. SF4 was able to reduce the surface tension of water from 70 to 28 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration of biosurfactant SF4 was 20 mg/L. The optimal medium composition for SF4 to produce biosurfactant using a 5 L fermentor was 45.0g glucose, 4.0g ammonium nitrate, 0.18g magnesium sulfate and 0.15 g ferrous sulfate per liter at 30.C. The crude biosurfactant SF 4 could be precipitated by acidification and extracted with organic solvents. At the end of fermentation (72 hours), 1.5g/L of purified biosurfactant SF4 was obtained. Biosurfactant SF4 was added (1:1000 wt/wt) to natural plant carriers as a biodetergent. In emulsion test, the biodetergent could create a stable emulsion with variety of hydrocarbon at a concentration of 10 mg/ L. The biodetergent was effective over a wide range of conditions from pH 2 to 10, with up to 10% sodium chloride solution and at a temperature up to 80°C. Expectably, the low-toxic of biodetergent can be used for oil decontamination and to replace the existing synthetic detergents.

並列關鍵字

Biosurfactant ； Bacillus sp. SF4 ； Emulsifying activity ； Biodetergent

國際替代計量

生物界面活性劑之製備及其對碳氫化合物乳化分散能力之研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽