生物界面活性劑生產菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa之碳氫化合物耐性及利用性

Tolerance and Utilization of Hydrocarbons in Biosurfactant Producing Microbes Pseudomonas aeruginosa

劉思良(Sz-Liang Liu) ； 蘇遠志(Yuan-Chi Su) ； 劉俊民(Chung-Ming Liou)

《中華生質能源學會會誌》 26卷3&4期 (2007/12) Pp. 93-104

https://doi.org/10.6385/JBESC.200712.0093

摘要

微生物產生之生物界面活性劑為具有界面活性之物質，由於具有界面活性，可以降低表面張力及界面張力，提高物質之分散性，可利用於原油開採之回收。以微生物生產生物界面活性劑，可以在環境中直接使微生物生長以產生界面活性劑。為達到此目的，生產菌株須具有對目標碳氫化合物之耐性及利用性。本研究對生物界面活性劑生產菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa，探討其碳氫化合物之耐性及利用性。菌株對碳氫化合物之耐性，以烷類較高，醇類次之，環苯類最低。菌株對碳氫化合物之利用性，在耐性較低之碳氫化合物，菌株因生長受碳氫化合物抑制，無法利用碳氫化合物，可以被利用促進生長之碳氫化合物為烷類及部份醇類。菌株對碳鏈碳原子數8以上，特別是碳鏈碳原子數10以上之碳氫化合物利用性較佳。可利用之碳氫化合物中，部份可促進菌株產生界面活性物質，促進碳氫化合物之利用，部份不可促進菌株產生界面活性物質。以碳氫化合物前培養可提高菌株對碳氫化合物之耐性，以碳氫化合物共培養，除可提高菌株對碳氫化合物之耐性，亦可促進菌株產生界面活性物質。

關鍵字

生物界面活性劑 ； 碳氫化合物 ； 耐性 ； 利用性 ； 前培養 ； 共培養

並列摘要

Microbial biosurfactants are compounds produced by microorganisms with surface activation ability. The surface activation ability of microbial biosurfactant can decrease surface tension of substances and descend interface tension between substances, therefore can raise the dispersion ability of substances in a solution. Microbial biosurfactant can be widely utilized in the recovery of petroleum from subground as well as many other fields. The application of microbial biosurfactant is better in directly inoculating microorganism in the application place, which can grow in the place using ingredient from environment. In this instance, tolerances and abilities of utilization of microorganisms of the subject hydrocarbons can restrict the ability of application. In this research, a biosurfactant producing microorganism screened from nature, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is measured of the tolerances and utilization abilities of hydrocarbons. The tolerances of the bacterium to hydrocarbon is higher in alkanes, lower in alcohols and the lowest in cyclic bezenes. The abilities of utilization of hydrocarbon in bacterium is influenced by the tolerances that can inhibit the growth of the bacterium. Bacterium can utilize alkanes and alcohols with chain carbon number greater than 8, and grow better with chain carbon number larger than 10. Within utilizable hydrocarbons, some of which can enhance bacterium producing biosurfactant to assit bacterium utilize hydrocarbons. To the rest hydrocarbons, bacterium must utilize by cellular abilities with the absence of producing of biosurfactant. Preculture with hydrocarbons can raise up the tolerances of bacterium to some hydrocarbons. Besides, coculture with hydrocarbons also can increase the tolerances of bacterium as well as enhance the production of biosurfactants.

並列關鍵字

Biosurfactant ； Hydrocarbon ； Tolerance ； Utility ； Preculture ； Coculture