以Pseudomonas aeruginosa生產生物界面活性劑rhamnolipids

Production of Rhamnolipids Biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

劉思良(Sz-Liang Liu) ； 蘇遠志(Yuan-Chi Su) ； 劉俊民(Chung-Ming Liou)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 46卷3期 (2008/06) Pp. 118-128

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2008.015

摘要

介面活性劑具有表面活性及介面活性，在工業及其它方面有廣泛之應用。徴生物亦可以生産生物性之介面活性劑，其除具有化學介面活性劑之表面活性及介面活性，同時亦有生物分解性、多樣性，因此，其應用日漸重要。Pseudomonas aeruginosa可産生生物界面活性劑rhamnolipids (RL)，本研究中探討其生長及生産RL較佳之培養基質，以瞭解其最適條件。培養基質分別探討碳源、氮源、磷酸鹽、酵母萃出物、金屬離子、微量元素。試驗結果顯示，碳源中之甘油為菌株生長及生産RL之最佳碳源，碳氫化合物可誘導RL生成，但葡萄糖可抑制RL生成。氮源中硝酸鈉及peptone為較佳之氮源，以硝酸鈉為氮源單位菌體産生之RL量最高。磷酸鹽為菌株生長所需，但並無積極促進RL生成之效果。酵母萃出物可增加菌體生長，並誘導RL生成，金屬離子中鉀離子具有促進RL生成之效果。微量元素中硫酸亞識可提高菌體生長，但卻抑制RL生成，而硫酸鋅、硫酸銅可同時抑制菌體生長及RL生成。綜合各測定之結果，最適培養基之組成為每公升含：glycerol, 50 mL：NaNO3，4g；yeast extract，3g；K2HPO4，2g；NaCl，0.3g；KCl，0.2g；MgSO4•7H2O，0.2g；MnSO4•H2O，0.01g；ZnSO4•7H2O3，0.0001g。FeSO4•7H2O，0.0001g。以最適培養基培養三日，其RL産量可達4.3g/L，具有實際應用之潛力。

關鍵字

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ； 生物界面活性劑 ； rhamnolipids ； 培養基質 ； 乳化力

並列摘要

Surfactant is the compound that has the ability to decrease surface and interface tension, which is broadly used in industry and many other fields. Microorganisms can also produce biological surfactants that have similar properties as chemical surfactants, which additively have some characters as biodegradability and molecule diversity absent in chemical surfactants, have the potency to be applied mare widely. Microorganisms P aeruginosa can produce biosurfactant rhamnolipids (RL) when it is cultured under same conditions, For the purpose of industrially producing RL, we analysed the effect of medium substrates to subscribe better composition of medium and analysed the function of each substrate influenced in the anabolism of RI. Substrates analysed including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, yeast extract, phosphate, metal ions and trace elements. Within compounds analysed in carbon sources, glycerol is the better substrate that P aeruginosa can grow well as well as produce mast abundant RL, nevertheless glucose can inhibit both cell growth and production of RI, hydrocarbons can also induce the metabolism of RL. Within compounds analysed in nitrogen sources, sodium nitrate and peptone is better than the others, sodium nitrate can produce the most abundant RL, yeast extract can enhance cell growth and increase the productivity of RL. Phosphate is necessary for the growth of cell but lack the ability to increase productivity of RL. Within metal ions analysed, potassium ion have the property to induce the production of RI... to trace elements, ferrous sulfate can enhance the growth of microorganism but decline the production of RL, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate can interfere with the growth of cell and the production of RE.. Microorganism with the suitable medium adjusted according to the analysis, can produce 4.3 g/L of rhamnolipid cultured in 3 days, which is possible further developed to reach the practical application.

並列關鍵字

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ； Biosurfactant ； Rhamnolipids ； Emulsifiability ； Medium substrate